84 Introduction to Botany. 



m. PEUCEDANUM. Parsley. 



(The old Greek name.) 



Perennial herbs, nearly or quite acaulescent, from thickened roots. 

 Leaves mostly bipinnate or finely dissected. Flowers white or yellow 

 in compound umbels. General involucre wanting, but involucels of 

 several bracts. Calyx teeth mostly obsolete. Fruit orbicular, oval, or 

 oblong, flattened dorsally, and winged on the margins. Dorsal and 

 intermediate ribs filiform; 1-4 oil tubes in the intervals. 



I. Peucedanum foeniculaceum, Nutt. (L., fceniculum, fennel.) Fennel- 

 LEAVED Parsley. Peduncles 4 to 10 inches high, overtopping the leaves, 

 tomentose or nearly smooth. Leaves twice or thrice pinnate, the segments finely 

 dissected, the petioles sheathing at the base. Bractlets of the involucels united 

 below, tomentose. Flowers yellow. Umbels unequally 3-12-rayed. Fruit broadly 

 oval and glabrous, with thin lateral wings. Prairies. 



IV. SAWICTJLA. Sanicle or Black Snakeroot. 

 (From low Latin, sanic-ula, diminutive of sanus, healthy.) 



Rather tall, glabrous, perennial herbs, with few palmately lobed 

 or parted leaves, the basal leaves long-petioled ; flowers greenish or 

 yellowish in irregular or compound umbels, capitate in the umbellets. 

 Involucre foliaceous ; involucels of few leaves. Fruit globular, not 

 ribbed, and thickly covered with hooked prickles, each with 5 oil 

 tubes. 



I. Sanicula Marylandica, L. Black Snakeroot or Sanicle. Usually 

 unbranched, from i^ to 4 feet high. Leaves 3-7-parted, the divisions obovate to 

 oblanceolate, irregularly serrate and dentate. Leaves of the general involucre 

 3-cleft : involucel leaves few and small. Umbels 2-4-rayed. Flowers both perfect 

 and staminate, the staminate in separate heads. Petals greenish white, scarcely 

 exceeding the calyx. Fruit ovoid and beset with stout bristles ; the styles recurved, 

 longer than the bristles. In rich woods. 



i=. Sanicula Canadensis, L. Short-styled Snakeroot. Staminate flowers 

 never in separate heads, and styles shorter than the pricltles on the carpels. Leaves 

 3-5-divided, petioled, the divisions sharply serrate. In dry woodlands. 



3. Sanicula gregaria, Bicknell. {\j.,gregarius, belonging to a herd or flock.) 

 Clustered Snakeroot. Stems usually clustered, and yellow petals much sur- 

 passing the calyx. I to 3 feet tall. Leaves 5-divided, the divisions lanceolate to 

 obovate-cuneafe, In moist woods and thickets. 



