no Introduction to Botany. 



to the base. Flowers proterogynous, stamens 4. Capsule about twice the length oi 

 the calyx. Seeds, several in the capsule. In yards and waste places. 



2. Plautago lanceolata, L. (L., lanceolatus, armed with a little lance.) RlB- 

 GRASS or English Plantain. Somewhat hairy perennial or biennial, with oblong- 

 lanceolate leaves tapering to a petiole; ribs of the leaves 3-5, free to the base. 

 Scapes exceeding the leaves, becoming sometimes 2 feet tall. Spikes at first short 

 and dense, becoming later cylindric. Sepals with green midrib, and scarious on 

 the margins. Capsule 2-seeded, somewhat longer than the calyx. In fields and 

 waste places. 



3. Plantago cordata, Lam. (L., cordatus, heart-shaped.) Heart-leaved 

 or Water Plantain. Glabrous perennial. Leaves ovate to orbicular, pinnately 

 veined, cordate or abruptly narrowed at the base, long-petioled. Scapes exceeding 

 the leaves ; spikes becoming loosely flowered. Bracts fleshy. Capsule 2-4-seeded. 

 Found in swampy places and along streams. 



4. Plantago Purshii, R. & S. (Latin genitive of proper name.) Pursh's 

 Plantain. {Plantago Patagonica, var. gnapkalioides, in Gray's "Manual.") 

 Woolly or hairy annual, with slender scapes and linear leaves. Spikes dense, 

 cylindric, and very woolly; bracts equaling or only slightly exceeding the flowers. 

 Capsule 2-seeded, but little exceeding the calyx. On dry prairies. 



5. Plantago aristata, Michx. (L., aristatus, having ears.) Large-BRACTED 

 Plantain. Villous or glabrate annual, with linear leaves and dense, cylindric, 

 pubescent, but not woolly spikes. Bracts of the inflorescence linear, ascending, 

 many times exceeding the flowers. On dry plains or prairies. 



RUBIACE-ffi;. Madder Family. 



Herbs or shrubs, with leaves opposite or verticillate, often connected 

 by intermediate stipules. Flowers perfect, but sometimes dimorphous. 

 Calyx coherent with the ovary. Corolla gamopetalous, 4-5-lobed. Sta- 

 mens as many as the lobes of the corolla and inserted on its tube, alter- 

 nate with the lobes. Ovary 2-4-celled, with ovules solitary or many in 

 each cavity. Fruit various. 



1. HOUSTONIA. Bluets. 



(Named for Dr. William Houston, English botanist.) 



Mostly tufted, erect or spreading herbs, with opposite and entire, 

 sometimes ciliate leaves, and commonly dimorphous, blue, purple, or white 

 flowers. Calyx 4-lobed, corolla funnel-form or salver-form, 4-lobed. 

 Stamens 4. Ovary 2-celled, with several ovules in each cell. Style 

 slender; stigmas 2. 



I. Houstonia coemlea, L. (L., cceruleus, azure.) Bluets or Innocence. 

 Smooth, with erect and slender stems sparingly branched from the base, 3 to 7 

 inches high. Lower leaves spatulate or oblanceolate ; upper leaves oblong-elliptic, 



