-28- 



and sapwood, making large tunnels filled with borer dust. 

 Their presence can generally be detected by the dust which 

 falls out of the tunnels when these are not entirely closed. 

 Badly infected trees put out only sparse and small leaves 

 in the spring and sometimes die completely later on. 



Control: Ab a preventive, the orchard should be kept 

 free from weeds end rubbish so as not to provide a hiding 

 place for the beetles. Cut away the bark over the tunnels 

 until the worm can be reached with a wire. VThen all have 

 been removed, paint the wounds with white lead paint, diluted with 

 raw linseen oil at the rate of 100 lbs. of paint to 3 to 4 

 gallons of oil. During the warm spring and summer keep 

 the beetles froa laying eggs in the bark by protecting the 

 trees with brown wrapping paper- 



The above insect and fungous pests are only a few of 

 the many which attack the apple. For that reason I will 

 give a general outline for spraying the orchard which will 

 cover the needs of the grower in most cases. From this out- 

 line it will be seen that fungicides and insecticides rnay 

 often be used together, controlling both a fungous and in- 

 sect pest at one and the same time. 



General Plan for Spraying the Apple Orchard, taken 

 from Cornell Bulletin 283: 



I, Dormant season before leaf buds open but just as 



they are swelling: 



a. Lime-sulfur as a contact spray for 



San Jose scale 32 to 33<^ Beaume 1-8 

 Blister mite 32 to 33: Beaume 1-11. 



