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sprouts an entirely new head may be formed. It ie dan- 

 gerous, however, to head back the entire tree the saiae 

 season since the tree's source of carbohydrate food, su- 

 gars, staBches, etc., is obtained through the action of 

 sunlight on these substs-nces which are stored in the leaves 

 and therefore if the entire leaf surface is removed at one 

 cutting the tree would probably die. For this reason, it 

 is best to distribute the work of renev/al over two or three 

 seasons, removing only a portion of the top each year. 



The character of the cut has a marked influence on 

 the healing process. All food material capable of healing a 

 wound is taking a downward course through the inner bark 

 and to heal well a wound should be in a position to inter- 

 cept this downward flow of sap from the foliage higher up. 

 Vifhen a limb is to be removed, it should be cut close to 

 the body of the tree and parallel with it. If this is done, 

 the tree will be able to heal quite large wounds before 

 decoy sets in. All wounds over Ig inches in diameter should 

 be painted with a good lead paint, to which has been added 

 a little lamp black, so that the spots will be less conspi- 

 cuous. 



Improvement of the Sanitary Condition ^of the Orchar d. 



Much can be done to prevent the spread of fungous 

 diseases by thorouglily cleaning up and burning old rubbish 

 and dead limbs. It is also advisable to scrap down the 

 bark with a scraper or dull hoe, removing all moss, rough 



