ILLUSTRATIONS 



FIGURE PAGE 



When the sap runs Frontispiece 



1 Winged fruit of elm; winged twin-fruits of 



maple 3 



2 Pine seed cut open to show the young plant ; 



young seedling pine 4 



3 Apple seed showing the two coats ; with the 



coats removed showing the two cotyle- 

 dons 6 



4 The sprouting of a beech seed; seed cut 



across ; first foliage leaves ; seed leaves 

 shriveling and foliage leaves expanding . 8 



5 One fruit of the maple ; a hollow globe, at- 



tached to a veiny wing, encloses a solitary 

 seed ; the plant within ; baby plant uncoil- 

 ing; strap-shaped leaves unfurling ... 9 



6 The acorn bisected showing the two thick 



cotyledons; the acorn rent by the coming 

 forth of the life within 10 



7 " Punks " or fruiting bodies of the fungus 



which destroys the aspen 14 



8 " Witch's broom " from a spruce tree ; pine 



cone willow gall 20 



9 Sap-sucker " honey pots " in a canoe birch . 20 



10 Natural pruning in process 24 



1 1 An old " weather," or frost crack .... 24 



12 A sun scald 26 



13 Open grown white spruce 26 



14 Apple twig showing old bud scale marks . 33 



15 Cutting and bundling basket willow ... 36 



16 Forest regions of the United States ... 44 



17 View in a Pennsylvania coal mine showing 



the great amount of timber that is used . 51 



