204 



Our Field and Forest Trees 



Fig. 



52. A seedling 

 pine. 



The pine, hemlock, fir, spruce, larch (or tam- 

 arack) , cedar, cypress, arbor vltae, and yew are all 



called " Gymnosperms." 



There Is no easy word which 



describes and includes them all. 



" Cone-bearers " will not do, for 



cedars and junipers bear berries 



(Fig. 53), and yews have juicy 



scarlet fruits. 



" Evergreens " will not do, 



for the larch and the cypress 



drop their leaves each autumn, 



just as the maples do. 



" Needle-leaved trees " will 



not do, for the boughs of the 



cedar, juniper, and arbor vitas are clothed, not 



with needles, but with scales. 



We will have 

 to be technical 

 for once, and 

 say that the 

 wheel of needle- 

 leaves growing 

 atop of the seed- 

 ling pine tree 

 shows that this 



Fig. 53. Spray and berries of the red cedar wildwOod babv 

 or " savin." ■' 



belongs to the 

 great family of " Gymnosperms." 



The slippeiy needles, or close-pressed scale 



