DARWIN, AND AFTER DARWIN. 
CHAP T E.R 1, 
INTRODUCTORY. 
AMONG the many and unprecedented changes that 
have been wrought by Mr. Darwin’s work on the Origin 
of Species, there is one which, although second in im- 
portance to no other, has not received the attention 
which it deserves. I allude to the profound modif- 
cation which that work has produced on the ideas of 
naturalists with regard to method. 
Having had occasion of late years somewhat closely 
to follow the history of biological science, I have every- 
where observed that progress is not so much marked 
by the march of discovery per se,as by the altered 
views of method which the march has involved. If 
we except what Aristotle called “the first start” in 
himself, I think one may fairly say that from the re- 
juvenescence of biology in the sixteenth century to 
the stage of growth which it has now reached in the 
nineteenth, there is a direct proportion to be found 
between the value of work done and the degree in 
which the worker has thereby advanced the true 
conception of scientific working. Of course, up toa 
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