86 Darwin, and after Darwin. 
it is also in the human foetus proportionally compared 
with the adult. (Fig. 19.) In some of the lower herbi- 
vorous animals it is longer than the entire body. 
Like vestigial structures in general, however, this one 
is highly variable. Thus the above cut (Fig. 19) serves 
to show that it may sometimes be almost as short in 
the orang as it normally is in man—both the human 
subjects of this illustration having been normal. 
(7) Zar.—Mr, Darwin writes :— 
The celebrated sculptor, Mr. Woolner, informs me of one 
little peculiarity in the external ear, which he has often observed 
both in men and women .... The 
peculiarity consists in a little blunt 
point, projecting from the inwardly 
folded margin, or helix. When 
present, it is developed at birth, and, 
according to Prof. Ludwig Meyer, 
more frequently in man than in 
woman. Mr. Woolner made an exact 
model of one such case, and sent me 
the accompanying drawing .... The 
helix obviously consists of the extreme 
margin of the ear folded inwards; 
and the folding appears to be in some 
Fic. 20, — Human ear, manner connected with the whole ex- 
modelled and drawn by . 
Mu, Woden, a: he ternal ear being permanently pressed 
projecting point. backwards. In many monkeys, which 
do not stand high in the order, as 
baboons and some species of macacus, the upper portion of 
the ear is slightly pointed, and the margin is not at all folded 
inwards; but if the margin were to be thus folded, a slight 
point would necessarily project towards the centre .... The 
following wood-cut is an accurate copy of a photograph of the 
feetus of an orang (kindly sent me by Dr. Nitsche), in which it 
may be seen how different the pointed outline of the ear is at 
this period from its adult condition, when it bears a close 
