296 Darwin, and after Darwin. 
festation of useful qualities on the one hand, and of 
beautiful qualities on the other, according as the 
organisms have been thus bred for purposes of use or 
for those of beauty. 
Now it is immediately obvious that in these cases 
the process of artificial selection is precisely analogous 
to that of natural selection (and of sexual selection 
which will be considered later on), in all respects save 
one: the utility or the beauty which it is the aim of 
artificial selection continually to enhance, is utility or 
beauty in relation to the requirements or to the tastes 
of man; whercas the utility or the beauty which is 
produced by natural selection and sexual selection has 
reference only to the requirements or the tastes of 
the crganisms themselves. But, with the exception 
of this one point of difference, the processes and the 
products are identical in kind. Persevering selection 
by man is thus proved to be capable of creating what 
are virtually new specific types, and this in any 
required direction. Hence, when we remember how 
severe is the struggle for existence in nature, it 
becomes impossible to doubt that selection by nature 
is able to do at least as much as artificial selection in 
the way of thus creating new types out of old ones. 
Artificial selection, indeed, notwithstanding the many 
and marvellous results which it has accomplished, can 
only be regarded as but a fecble imitation of natural 
selection, which must act with so much greater 
vigilance and through such immensely greater periods 
of time. In a word, the proved capabilities of arti- 
ficial selection furnish, in its best conceivable form, 
what is called an argument a@ fortiord in favour of 
natural selection. 
