452 
Bear, skeleton of, 174; feet of, 
178. 
Beautiful, the, sense of, in animals, 
380-385; standards of, 380- 
404; Darwin’s explanation of, 
in organic nature, 379-411; 
facts of, in inorganic nature in 
relation to Darwin’s theory of, 
in organic, 404; often determined 
by natural selection, 406, 407; 
absent in many plants and 
animals, 408; in nature often 
accidental, 409-411; does not 
exist in organic nature as an 
end fer sé, 410, 411. 
Bees, co-operative instincts of, 
268. 
Beetles, wingless, 68-70; on 
oceanic islands, 224, 226, 22y, 
232 
Bell, Dr., on natural theology, 412. 
Bell-bird, 396-398. 
Bembidium, 233. 
Bermudas, 225-227. 
Biology, ideas of method in, I-9. 
Birds, ovum of, 124; embryology 
of, 151-1553; palaontology of, 
163-105, 172, 173; brain of, 
194-17; as carriers of seed, 
eggs, and small organisms, 217, 
218; distribution of, 224-240; 
esthetic sense of, 380-355; 
courtship of, 380-385. 
Rirgus latro, 62-65. 
Blood, colour of aiterial, 409. 
Boar, see Pig. 
Bombus lapidartus, 331. 
Bower-birds, play-houses of, 381- 
8 
35 
Boyd-Dawkins, on flattening of 
early human tibize, 96. 
Brain, paleontology of, 194-197. 
British Isles, see Islands. 
Broea, 363. 
Bronn, 363. 
Budding, see Germination. 
Burdon-Sanderson, Pof., onelectric 
organ of skate, 360. 
Butler, Bishop, on argument from 
ignorance, 41. 
Butterflies, defensive colouring of, 
321-329. 
L[ndex. 
Cc. 
Ceesalpino, on classification, 24. 
Calf, embryology of, 153. 
Camel, foot of, 187-191. 
Canadian stag, 196, 198, 199. 
Canaries, portraits of, 303; first 
mentioned by Gesner, 312, 313. 
Cape de Verde Archipelagoes, 
fauna of, 228. 
Carcharias melancpterus, 149. 
Carruthers, on evolution, 436-442. 
Caterpillars, colours and forms 
of, 319, 322-326. 
Cattle, portraits of, 311. 
Causation, natural, 402, 413, 414. 
Caves, faunas of dark, 70-72. 
Cell, physiological, and properties 
of the, 104-134. 
Cerura vinila, 325, 326. 
Cervalces Americanus, 196, 198, 
190. 
Cervus adterocerus, tsstodorensts, 
matheronts, pardinensis, Sedg- 
wickit, tetraceros, 168. 
Chalmers, Dr., on natural theology, 
4l2. 
Chameleons, 317. 
Characters, as adaptive, 273-246, 
286-293, 349; as specific, 274- 
276, 286-295; as congenital 
and acquired, 274-276. 
Chasmorhynchus niveus, and C. 
tricarunculatus, 390-3.,8. 
Chelydra serpentina, anterior limb 
of, 179-181. 
Chick, embryology of, 153. 
Chimpanzee, sce Apes. 
Chlorophyll, 408. 
Chondracanthus cornutus, 122. 
Cirripedes, 430. 
Classification, 23-49; of organic 
nature by Genesis and Leviticus, 
23; artificial and natural, 24- 
26; empirical rules of, 33-40; 
Darwin on, 35, 36, 39, 40; form 
of, a nevus or tree, 29-32; 
of organic forms like that of 
languages, 32; single characters 
in relation to, 37; aggregates of 
characters in relation to, 35-37; 
adaptive and non-adaptive cha- 
