456 
Leptalis, 328. 
Leuculmis echinus, 122. 
Leviticus, classification of organic 
nature in, 23. 
Life, origin of, 15. 
Linnzus, on method in natural 
history, 3; on classification, 26, 
35-40. 
Lion, skeleton of, 175 ; feet of, 178. 
Lizard, heart and gill-arches of, 
150. 
Lloyd Morgan, 273, 449, 450. 
Lungs, development of, 154, 354. 
Lyell, Sir Charles, on classification, 
323; on uniformitarianism, 258 ; 
on rational species, 344; on geo- 
logical record, 420, 435, 439. 
M. 
Madeira, wingless beetles of, 68- 
70; peculiar beetles of, 226, 227. 
Mammals, ovum of, 120-124; em- 
bryology of, 151-155 ; palzeonto- 
logy of, 163, 165, 167, 180-599; 
limbs of,1 74-178, 152-199; brain 
of, 194-199; of Australia and 
New Zealand, 204, 205; distri- 
bution of, on islands, 224-240. 
Mammoth cave, fauna of, 70-72. 
Man, nictitating membrane of, 75 ; 
vestigial muscles of, 76, 77, 
82, 83; tail of, compared with 
that of apes, 82-84; hair of, 
compared with that of apes, 89- 
92; teeth of, compared with 
those of apes, 92-94 ; perforation 
of humerus of, 94, 95 ; flattening 
of ancient tibie of, 95, 96; 
embryology of, 119, 153; hand 
of, 54; arm of, go, 91; limb- 
bones of, 176,177; paleontology 
of, 163, 165 ; brain of, 194, 195 ; 
Mr. Syme on, 3.46, 347. 
Marsh, on paleontology of the 
horse, 188-190. 
Matthew, Patrick, on 
selection, 257. 
Mesoderm, 142. 
Mesohippus, 189, 192 
Metaphyta, 1o4, 105. 
Metazoa, 104. 
natural 
Lndex. 
Mcthod, ideasof, in natural history, 
1-9 ; of organic evolution, 252- 
201. 
Meyer, Professor Ludwig, on helix 
of the human ear, 86. 
Mimicry, 320-322. 
Ministration, mutual, of species 
alleged, 445, 440. 
Miohippus, 189. 
Mivart, St. George, on eye of 
octopus, 57, 58, 348, 349; on 
incipient organs, 362 ; on mutual 
ministration of species, 445, 440. 
Mollusca, shells of, 19, 199-203; 
eye of, 57, 58; embryology of, 
155 ; palzontology of, 163, 165. 
Monkeys, why all, do not become 
men, 342-344. 
Monotremata, 205. 
Morgan, see Lloyd Morgan. 
Morphology, 50-97. 
Mule, portrait of, 309. 
Multicellular organisms, 104. 
Multiplication, see Reproduction. 
N. 
Nageli, Prof., 337, 367. 
Natural History, ideas of method 
in, I-9. 
Natural, interpretations as opposed 
to super-natural, 13-15 ; causa- 
tion, 13-15. 
Natural selection, 252-378, 401- 
410; Wells, Matthew, and 
Whewell on, 257, 258, 443-445 ; 
statement of theory of, 256-284, 
of evidences of, 285-332, of 
criticisms of, 333-378; relation 
of theory of, to religiousthought, 
401-410; preserves types, 264- 
267; cessation and reversal of, 
270, 342; errors touching theory 
of, 270-284, 332-364; definition 
of, 275-376; antecedent standing 
of theory of, 277-284; Prof. 
Owen on, 333, 334; Duke of 
Argyll on, 334-362; Mr. Syme 
on, 349, 341, 345; need not 
always make for improvement, 
34!-347; homology andanalogy 
in relation to, 347-350; often 
determines beauty, 406, 407; in 
