72 PRESENT-DAY GARDENING 
“A variety must gain at least 85 points to entitle it 
to a First-Class Certificate, and 75 points to entitle it to 
an Award of Merit.” 
Propagation by Layers.—Layering as a means of 
propagating the perpetual-flowering varieties has become 
almost obsolete ; nevertheless, it is a sure way of obtaining 
young plants if a difficulty is found in rooting cuttings. 
Turn the plants to be layered out of their pots into a frame, 
planting them on their sides in a slanting direction, thereby 
bringing the growths to be layered in contact with a finely 
prepared compost, into which they are layered in the same 
manner as practised in the case of border Carnations. 
