CONTENTS xi 



PAGE 



Primates). — iii. The Placenta in Indeoiduata (Ungulata, 

 Lemuroidea, Cetacea, Edentata, and Sirenia). — iv. The 

 Placenta in Deciduata (Carnivora, Proboscidea, Hyrax, 

 Rodentia, Insectivora, Cheiroptera, Primates). — v. General 

 Considerations of Fcetal Nutrition and the Placenta : A . The 

 Plan of Placental Formation. B. The Nature of the Tropho- 

 blastic Activity. 



CHAPTER XI 



THE CHANGES nST THE MATERNAL ORGANISM DTJRING PREGNANCY . 490 



I. The Stimulus for the Maternal Changes during Pregnancy. — 

 II. Change in the Metabolism of the Mother dming Pregnancy : 

 A. The Sox^Tce of the Materials transferred to the New Or- 

 ganism. B. The Body-Weight during Pregnancy. C. The 

 Protein Metabolism in Pregnancy. D. The Carbohydrate 

 Metabolism in Pregnancy, ii'. The Metabolism of Fats in 

 Pregnancy. F. The Metabolism of Metals and Salts in 

 Pregnancy. G. Respiratory Exchange during Pregnancy.— 

 *in. The Changes in the Maternal Tissues during Pregnancy. 



CHAPTER XII 



THE INNERVATION OF THE FEMALE GENERATIVE ORGANS— UTERINE 



CONTRACTION ^PARTURITION THE PUERPERAL STATE . . 525 



The Innervation of the External Generative Organs — The Inner- 

 vation of the Ovaries — The Innervation of the Uterus and 

 Vagina and the Mechanism of Uterine Contraction — The 

 Normal Course of Parturition in the Human Female — 

 Parturition in other Mammalia — The Nervous Mechanism of 

 Parturition — Changes in the Maternal Organism — The Cause 

 of Birth — Prolonged Gestation — The Puerperium. 



CHAPTER XIII 



LACTATION 553 



Structure of the Mammary Glands — The Composition and Pro- 

 perties of Milk— The Influence of Diet and other Factors on 

 the Composition and Yield of Milk — The Buration of Lacta- 

 tion — The Discharge of Milk — The Formation of the Organic 

 Constituents of Milk — The Normal Growth of the Mammary 

 Glands — ^The Factors which are concerned in the Process of 

 Mammary Growth — The Factors which are concerned in the 

 Commencement of Mammary Secretion — Criticisms. 



CHAPTER XIV 



FERTILITY 



586 



Effect of Age — ^Efiects of Environment and Nutrition — Effect of 

 Prolonged Lactation — Effect of Drugs — Effects of In-Breed- 

 ing and. Cross-Breeding — Inheritance of Fertility — Certain 

 Causes of Sterility — Artificial Insemination as a Means of 

 overcoming Sterility — Abortion — The Increase of Fertility, 

 a Problem of Practical Breeding — The Birth-Rate in Man. 



