TOWNSEND AND ALLEN: LABRADOR BIRDS. 331 



The quaint definitions of Cartwright are worth quoting: "Lady, 

 A water-fowl of the duck genus, and the hen of the lord." "Lord. 

 A water-fowl of the teal kind." These names are still used on the 

 coast for this species. 



On July 29, 1770, he enters in his journal: "I shot four eider ducks 

 and seven lords and ladies; the latter being in full moult could not 

 fly, but they were very fat." This was at St. Peter's Islands in the 

 Straits of Belle Isle. 



According to Turner, the Harlequin Duck is abundant in Hudson 

 Strait and "certainly breeds at Ungava." It is uncommon on the 

 southern coast and its presence there in winter is probably dependent 

 upon the extent of open water, for Brewster ('84) says that it occurs 

 at Anticosti in winter only, where "hundreds sometimes collect in the 

 tide openings." Stearns found it "rather rare" on the south coast 

 in spring and autumn, but a few immature birds and an occasional 

 adult were found in summer by Frazar about the outer islands and 

 exposed ledges near Cape Whittle. These, however, were not breed- 

 ing birds. We saw but a single bird on our trip, an immature speci- 

 men swimming among the cakes of pack ice near Makkovik. As 

 the vessel passed, it dove several times opening its wings at it went 

 under. In swimming it cocked its tail slightly up. 



Mr. Schmitt at Nain said that some were to be seen in that vicinity 

 all summer while Mr. Frank Lewis at Battle Harbor was familiar with 

 the bird during the spring and fall migrations only. 



[Camptolaimus labradorius (GmeL). Labrador Duck; Pied Duck. — 

 Extinct. Very little has come down to us concerning the former presence of 

 this now extinct species in Labrador. Cartwright in his journal probably 

 refers to it when he speaks of having killed "only » pied-duck" on October 

 26, 1770, at Charles Harbor; and again, under date of July 16, 1771, when 

 he writes: "Killed a whabby [Red-throated Loon] with my rifle, and a 

 pied duck with shot." Again on October 6, 1773: "One of my people killed 

 a pair of pied-birds." Audubon, when he visited southern Labrador in 1833, 

 did not see the Pied Duck, but in his "Journal," writing from Bras d' Or, 

 July 28, 1833, speaks of it as breeding "on the top of low bushes, but the 

 season is so far advanced we have not found its nest." In his "Ornithological 

 Biography" he also states that nests, said to be those of Labrador Ducks, 

 were pointed out to his son on this same date, at Blanc Sablon. When Coues 

 visited southern Labrador in 1860 he was "informed that, though it was 

 very rarely seen in the summer, it [was] not an uncommon bird in Labrador 

 during the fall." This statement is thought by Dutcher (Auk, vol. 11, p. 10) 

 to indicate a fall migration northward, though it may quite as well mean 



