286 PROCEEDINGS: BOSTON SOCIETY NATURAL HISTORY. 



are common among the low scraggly firs and spruces, or fly about 

 overhead singing. Lincoln's Sparrows occur in small numbers along 

 the edges of open barrens or near swamps, and Fox Sparrows and 

 Alice's Thrushes sing from the fir thickets. Along the courses of 

 streams in the tangles of alder and willow, an occasional pair of Ten- 

 nessee Warblers is established and Wilson's Warblers delight in simi- 

 lar situations as well as in the low second growth of bushes and young 

 evergreens that follows a clearing of the original forest. 



The following fifteen species, found breeding in Labrador, may 

 fairly be considered as typical Hudsonian birds : Willow Ptarmigan, 

 Pigeon Hawk, Richardson's Owl, American Hawk Owl, Hoary Red- 

 poll, Common Redpoll, White-crowned Sparrow, Tree Sparrow, 

 Lincoln's Sparrow, Fox Sparrow, Northern Shrike, Tennessee War- 

 bler, Wilson's Warbler, Ruby-crowned Kinglet, Alice's Thrush. 



The northern limits of the so called Canadian zone are difficult to 

 fix in Labrador. A number of land birds that are most common in 

 the Canadian zone extend their range northward (often more or less 

 sporadically as in favored valleys or sheltered places) so that they 

 occur in territory whose inhabitants are for the greater part typical 

 Hudsonian species. The following 22 species represent this class of 

 birds whose range includes both the Canadian zone and more or less, 

 as the case may be, of the Hudsonian: Spruce Grouse, Canadian 

 Ruffed Grouse, Goshawk, Labrador Great Horned Owl, Arctic and 

 American Three-toed Woodpeckers, Labrador Jay, Rusty Grackle, 

 Canadian Pine Grosbeak, Pine Siskin, White-throated Sparrow, 

 Slate-colored Junco, Myrtle Warbler, Bay-breasted Warbler, Black- 

 poll Warbler, Yellow Palm Warbler, Northern Water-Thrush, Winter 

 Wren, Red-breasted Nuthatch, Hudsonian Chickadee, Golden- 

 crowned Kinglet, Olive-backed Thrush. Of these the White- 

 throated Sparrow, Junco, Myrtle, Bay-breasted, and Yellow Palm 

 Warblers, Water-Thrush, Winter Wren, Red-breasted Nuthatch, 

 Golden-crowned Kinglet, and Olive-backed Thrush are more Canadian 

 in their tendency and do not appear to go much farther north than the 

 southernmost part of the Labrador peninsula, while others, as the 

 Spruce Grouse, Goshawk, Labrador Jay, Rusty Grackle, Canadian 

 Pine Grosbeak, and Black-poll Warbler extend more into the Hud- 

 sonian zone and occur over much more of the small tree growth. 



The following 11 species are more typically Canadian, and barely 

 reach the southern portion of Labrador, where they occur in favor- 



