DAIRY INSPECTION 145 
Ties or Stanchions—From a sanitary standpoint, 
stanchions or jacks are better than chains because they 
are more likely to hold the cow in the proper place in the 
stall to cause the manure to be dropped into the gutter, 
thus assisting indirectly in keeping the cows clean. The 
swinging chain-stanchion is also quite comfortable. The 
best material for stanchions and their supports is metal 
piping. 
Stall divisions help to keep the cow in place and thus 
assist in keeping the platform and the cow clean; they 
also prevent the cow from treading on the udder or teats 
of aneighboring cow. Solid, board partitions, extending 
from the floor upward, are objectionable because they 
increase the difficulty of keeping the stable clean and 
interfere with the circulation of air; they may also be in 
the way of the milker. Wood fittings with flat surfaces 
and cracks are not as easily kept clean as round, smooth 
surfaces, and the cracks make disinfection more difficult. 
Stall divisions consisting of a single piece of metal pipe, 
extending in a curve from the front post of the stall to 
the rear of the platform, with a radius of 8 feet, are not 
open to these objections. 
Arrangement of the Stalls——When stalls in a stable 
are placed in two rows, they are arranged with the cows 
in one row facing those in the other, with the feed alley 
in the centre between the mangers, and a passageway in 
the rear between the manure gutter and the side wall; or, 
the stalls are arranged with the cows in each row facing 
outward toward the side walls, with a feed alley in front 
of each row between the manger and the wall and a pass- 
ageway extending through the middle of the stable be- 
tween the two rows of cows. Both plans have advan- 
tages and disadvantages. When the cows stand facing a 
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