148 PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF MILK HYGIENE 
extent as to interfere with ventilation; this can be avoided 
by constructing double windows, with an air space be- 
tween. Where cows stand in a double row, a row of 
windows along each side of the barn is very desirable.. 
The windows may be hinged at the bottom and arranged 
to open and close by turning a continuous rod; or they - 
may be unattached, as many prefer, and merely rest in 
a groove in the window sill, being held in place by a peg 
near the top. If the windows are to be used as inlets for 
ventilation, the openings formed at either side when the 
sash is inclined inward at the top should be closed by 
boards or galvanized iron strips extending inward from 
the window frame on each side. The galvanized iron 
shields prevent the wind from entering at the sides and 
blowing directly upon the cattle (see Fig. 12). 
The arrangements for artificial lighting should be 
noted. These are rather important, for much of the work 
in the stable in winter is done before and after daylight. 
II. COWS 
The examination of the cow is one of the most impor- 
tant parts of dairy inspection. If the cows are not in the 
stable at the time of the inspector’s visit and if it is not 
convenient to bring them in, this part of the inspection 
should be made at a more opportune time, but the inspec- 
tion of the dairy should not be regarded as completed 
until the cows are examined. No attempt should be made 
to examine the cows while they are running free in the 
pasture or exercise lot, unless each one can be readily 
caught and handled. 
1, Examination for Cleanliness.— Observe the condition 
of the cows with regard to cleanliness, especially the con- 
