156 PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF MILK HYGIENE 
late muscle. Normally, it is about 1 inch in width and 4 to 6 
inches long. 
When these glands are enlarged, firm and not hot or painful, 
they are usually tuberculous. The lymph-glands are also en- 
larged in leukemia and pseudoleukemia, but in these diseases all 
of the superficial lymph-glands on both sides of the body are 
similarly affected. 
12. Complete the Examination of the Udder and 
Examine the Supramammary Lymph-glands.—Inspect 
the skin of the udder and teats for furuncles, ulcers, 
symptoms of cowpox, etc. Inspect the opening of the 
teat canal for scabs. 
Palpate the udder. This is done most satisfactorily 
when the udder is empty. Beginning with the inferior 
extremity of the teat and passing upward, palpate suc- 
cessively the teat canal, the milk cistern, the gland tissue 
and the supramammary lymph-glands. Note the tem- 
perature of the parts and look for symptoms of acute 
inflammation, induration, and nodules. By rolling the 
teat between the fingers, thickening of the mucous mem- 
brane of the cistern and nodular formations in the walls 
of the cistern and teat canal can be detected. In palpat- 
ing the udder, pass one hand up between the two halves 
of the organ, place the other hand on the external surface 
and then, beginning at the posterior or anterior extremity, 
slowly work the udder tissue between the fingers, search- 
ing for indurations, retention cysts, etc. 
Draw milk from each quarter into the palm of the 
hand and examine it for color, consistency, flakes, clots, 
etc. In doubtful cases collect a sample for further 
examination. Press the end of the teat to see if any 
mucus or pus can be squeezed out of the teat canal. Ob- 
serve if there is any difficulty in expressing the milk from 
