DAIRY INSPECTION 157 
the teat and if the stream is split or deflected from the 
normal direction. 
Palpate the supramammary lymph-glands. Stand- 
ing in the rear of the cow, press the hand forward along 
the upper and posterior margin of the udder, with the 
thumb on one side of the median line and the fingers on 
the other, and grasp the glands by bringing the fingers 
and thumb together. Ordinarily, these glands are about 
2 inches in diameter, but in heavy milkers they may be 
larger. 
Pronounced swelling, excessive heat, and pain in one or more 
quarters of the udder, with marked changes in the milk, are 
symptoms of parenchymatous mastitis. 
Firm nodules which are neither hot nor painful, or a rather 
diffuse induration which is painless and without heat, in one or 
both posterior quarters, with enlargement of the supramam- 
mary lymph-glands, are symptoms of tuberculosis of the udder. 
There is no apparent alteration of the milk during the first 
stages of the disease. Indurated areas of greater or less extent 
result also from parenchymatous and catarrhal mastitis, but 
they are not accompanied by enlargement of the lymph-glands, 
except in the acute stage. 
Enlargement of the supramammary lymph-glands is asso- 
ciated with tuberculosis of the udder and also occurs during 
acute mastitis. ‘These glands may be enlarged as a result of 
tuberculous infection when no symptoms of the disease are 
apparent in the udder. 
Difficulty in expressing milk from the teat and deflection 
or division of the milk stream are early symptoms of catarrhal 
mastitis. If pus or mucus can be squeezed out of the teat 
canal, catarrhal mastitis is present. A scab may be found over 
the opening of the teat canal when this disease exists, although 
clots or flakes of dried milk are sometimes present when the 
udder is normal except for some defect in the sphincter ap- 
paratus of the teat. The milk may appear unaltered or show 
only slight changes when these symptoms are present. 
