192 PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF MILK HYGIENE 
than the hypochlorous acid solution. Winslow reports 
that a 1 to 1000 solution of chloride of lime may be used 
in the same manner and with the same results as the 
hypochlorous acid and the calcium hypochlorite solu- 
tions. 
When milking machines are in use, careful inquiry 
should be made regarding the method of cleaning them. 
The apparatus should be taken apart each time after 
it is used and thoroughly cleansed and sterilized. On 
account of the labor involved, this is sometimes done 
only once a day, but this is not sufficient. Particular 
attention must be given to cleaning the metallic and 
rubber tubing and teat cups. After being rinsed with 
cold water and then with hot water, these parts should 
be disinfected. The metallic tubes may be sterilized by 
steam, together with the other metallic parts of the ap- 
paratus. The 0.1 per cent. solution of hypochlorous 
acid and the 1 to 1000 solution of chloride of lime are 
very satisfactory disinfectants for the rubber tubing and 
teat cups and for the metallic parts as well. The rubber 
parts should be kept submerged in one of these solutions 
when not in use. A solution of 1% pound of chloride 
of lime and 10 pounds of sodium chloride in 10 gallons 
of water is also recommended. If air is allowed to re- 
main in any part of the tubing, bacteria may multiply. 
The apparatus must be properly cared for or the milk 
will contain a larger number of bacteria than when it 
is drawn by hand. A milking machine is not in itself 
a protection against dirt or bacteria in milk. The hair 
on the udder around the teats must be kept short and 
this part of the udder must also be cleaned before each 
milking to obtain good results, while the teat cups must 
