308 PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF MILK HYGIENE 
alfalfa, ensilage, green corn, or other green feeds shall be given 
in small rations and increased gradually to full ration. 
20. Exercise —All dairy cows shall be turned out for exer- 
cise at least two hours in each twenty-four in suitable weather. 
Exercise yards shall be kept free from manure and other filth. 
21. Washing of Hands.—Conveniently located facilities 
shall be provided for the milkers to wash in before and during 
milking. 
22. The hands of the milkers shall be thoroughly washed 
with soap, water, and brush, and carefully dried on a clean towel 
immediately before milking. The hands of the milkers shall be 
rinsed with clean water and carefully dried before milking each 
cow. The practice of moistening the hands with milk is for- 
bidden. 
23. Milking Clothes.—Clean overalls, jumper, and cap shall 
be worn during milking. They shall be washed or sterilized each 
day and used for no other purpose, and when not in use they 
shall be kept in a clean place, protected from dust and dirt. 
24. Things to be Avoided by Milkers.—While engaged about 
the dairy or in handling the milk, employees shall not use 
tobacco nor intoxicating liquors. They shall keep their fingers 
away from their nose and mouth, and no milker shall permit his 
hands, fingers, lips, or tongue to come in contact with milk 
intended for sale. 
25. During milking the milkers shall be careful not to 
touch anything but the clean top of the milking stool, the milk 
pail and the cow’s teats. 
26. Milkers are forbidden to spit upon the walls or floors 
of stables, or upon the walls or floors of milk houses, or into the 
water used for cooling the milk or washing the utensils. 
27. Fore-Milk.—The first streams from each teat shall be 
rejected, as this fore-milk contains large numbers of bacteria. 
Such milk shall be collected into a separate vessel and not milked 
onto the floor or into the gutters. The milking shall be done 
rapidly and quietly, and the cows shall be treated kindly. 
28. Milk and Calving Period.—Miulk from all cows shall be 
excluded for a period of forty-five days before and seven days 
after parturition. 
