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can cling securely to any ordinarily rough surface, such as the 
face of the comb. On polished wood or glass there is no foot- 
hold for the hooks, so the bee folds them out of the way and 
brings into action a soft, white, moist and sticky pad situated 
between the hooks. So also the fly walks on the window-pane, 
and with a lens it is actually possible to see on the glass the 
footprints of a fly. The ignorant or thoughtless bee-keeper 
sometimes worries his bees by placing right over their combs 
a piece of blanket or other rough material. This entangles 
the hooked feet of the bees, with the result that they rapidly 
lose their tempers and sometimes even their lives. The quilt 
placed on the top of the combs should be light and smooth, of 
such material as window-blind, bed-ticking, or plain calico. 
The bees readily slip from under such a quilt, and, when they 
are down among the combs, other and heavier quilts can be 
added till the loss of heat upward is reduced to a minimum. 
Wings. 
The wings of the bee are four in number, two large front 
wings and two smaller hind wings. A single pair of large 
wings, as in the blue-bottle, would be very effective for flight, 
but very much in the way inside the hive, where the bee has 
to walk about amid the thronging multitude, and even to 
enter the very narrow cells. Before entering the hive the 
smaller hind wings of the bee are tucked away underneath 
the larger front wings, enabling the bee to move more readily 
in small space. In flight, however, the advantage pertaining 
to a single pair of large wings is obtained for the bee by a 
device consisting of a set of hooks on the anterior border of 
the small hind wing, which engage in a kind of curved ledge 
on the posterior border of the larger front wing. Thus the 
flying bee is apparently provided with a single pair of large 
wings. 
Breathing. 
As already mentioned, the bee breathes through a series 
of apertures on each side of its body. These apertures or 
spiracles lead to an intricate system of tubes, which 
ramify through every part of the body of the: bee 
