A HISTORY OF SURREY 



been created the year before, began an in- 

 quiry through Mr. Thomas Hare," their In- 

 spector. The then schoolmaster, the Rever- 

 end William Fellowes, was found to teach 

 Latin Grammar to five of these ten boys, and 

 French instead of Latin authors : he had also 

 introduced logarithms. He took the school 

 on alternate weeb with the usher. There 

 was no afternoon school. 



As a result of the inquiry, an Act of Parlia- 

 ment, the Dulwich College Act 1857, estab- 

 lishing a scheme, received the royal assent on 

 25 August 1857. By this Act the corporation 

 of the college was dissolved, and a body of 

 nineteen ' Governors of Alleyn's College at 

 Dulwich ' established, eight elected by the 

 visitors of the privileged parishes and eleven 

 appointed by the Court of Chancery. The 

 schoolmaster of the college was pensioned 

 off with ;£50O a year, and the usher, William 

 Lucas Chafy, of Sidney Sussex College, with 

 £^6. The charity was divided into two 

 parts, the ' educational ' and ' eleemosynary ' 

 branches ; the former to receive three-fourths 

 of the net income. Two schools were to be 

 established, the ' Upper ' and ' Lower.' 

 Twenty-four foundation boarding scholarships 

 were to be reserved for the privileged parishes, 

 the rest of the boys were to be day boys, those 

 from the parishes paying £6 to £S, and others 

 £S to £10. The education was to be the 

 usual Grammar School education, including 

 Greek, modern languages and science. The 

 boys were to remain to eighteen. There were 

 to be eight university exhibitions of £100 a 

 year. In the Lower School the fees were to be 

 £1 to ;C2 a year according to age. Greek was 

 not to be taught. Apprenticeship payments 

 for six boys a year up to £^0 were to be paid, 

 and a third of the foundation scholarships in 

 the Upper School were to be given to boys from 

 the Lower School. The schools were opened 

 in 1859, in the old college, under the Rev. 

 Alfred Carver. In 1865 the Endowed Schools 

 Commission found 130 boys in the Upper 

 and ninety in the Lower School. All but four 

 in the Upper School were from the privileged 

 parishes, and they nearly all left at sixteen. 

 The assistant commissioner criticized the edu- 

 cation as too classical for this class, especially 

 as science, prescribed by the scheme, was not 

 taught. Dr. Carver however knew very well 

 what he was about. As soon as the school 

 moved into its new and present buildings, 

 opened in 1878 by the present King and 

 Queen, when Prince and Princess of Wales, it 

 advanced by leaps and bounds to the position 



» Author of Hare's Lata Reports, and of the now 

 extinct movement for Proportional Representation. 



208 



of a great Public School of the new type, which 

 the growth of the great towns is throwing up 

 on every side. The older Public Schools were 

 wholly, as at Winchester and Eton,^ or almost 

 wholly, as at Harrow and Rugby, boarding 

 schools. The new type, of which Westmin- 

 ster, vrith its always considerable contingent 

 of town boys, was almost the only example, 

 is one which consists wholly, or almost wholly, 

 of day-boys, such as St. Paul's and Bedford 

 Grammar School, Highgate, and Merchant 

 Taylors', and King's College School in its new 

 domain. With fees of £2$ to £$^ a year it 

 aims at giving the professional and mercantile 

 classes, who are tied by their avocations to 

 the towns, the same kind of education and 

 school ' atmosphere ' that the richer members 

 of the same classes obtain by sending their 

 sons out of the towns to the great boarding 

 schools. Dr. Carver had a hard struggle with 

 some of the governing body, who thought the 

 higher education was thrown away on the 

 class who could not afford the ' Public ' 

 Schools, and that all they wanted was a higher- 

 grade-board-school type of school, giving a 

 smattering of science and a modicum of 

 modern languages. One of the most obsti- 

 nate in this respect was the chairman of the 

 Governing Body, the Rev. William Rogers, 

 rector of St. Botolph's, Bishopsgate, popularly 

 known as Billy or ' Hang-theology ' Rogers. 

 Partly because he regarded it as his first duty 

 to advance the supposed interests of his own 

 parish, partly because to him all social and 

 therefore educational strata below the level 

 of Eton and above that of the Board School 

 were one dead level of mediocrity in intellect 

 and culture, he, who was known to the world 

 as a pioneer of educational progress, became 

 the centre of educational resistance to prog- 

 ress at Dulwich. But the laws of demand and 

 supply proved too much for him and for the 

 Endowed Schools and Charity Commissioners 

 whose counsels he at first dominated. Dul- 

 wich College developed on its present lines 

 because it met a great and crying want. 



The present buildings were planned by 

 the Governing Body to contain the Upper 

 School at fees of ;Cioa year, on one side, and 

 the Lower School, with fees from ;Ci to £2 a 

 year, on the other side, of a great central block 

 containing a splendid Assembly Hall and 

 Library and other common rooms, intended 



' It must not be forgotten however that both 

 Winchester and Eton were for the first two or 

 three centuries of their existence largely day- 

 schools. The Oppidan at Eton was precisely the 

 same as the Town boy of Westminster, a day boy, 

 though he gradually became a boarder. 



