INDUSTRIES 



countries. But it was managed with con- 

 siderable cleverness, and in November 1620 

 the Archdukes were alarmed by the state- 

 ments of the secretary of their embassy in 

 London, who estimated at upwards of fifty the 

 number of workmen who had crossed over 

 from the Netherlands. An inquiry was set 

 on foot by the Archdukes which revealed the 

 ingenious means employed to engage the 

 men. It gives us also the names of some oi 

 those who had come over. The emigrants 

 included Josse Ampe of Bruges, Josse Inghels, 

 Jacques Hendricx, Pierre Foquentin, and 

 Simon Heyns, of Oudenarde. The Van 

 Quickelberghes of Oudenarde, who came over 

 to England in 1630, were probably also en- 

 gaged in the Mortlake works.^ The parish 

 registers of Mortlake show the presence there 

 of very considerable numbers of Dutch from 

 the year 1622 and on.^ 



One of the most important designers em- 

 ployed at the works was Francis Cleyne, or 

 Klein, of Rostock in Mecklenburg. Going 

 to Venice he came under the notice of Sir 

 Arthur Anstnither, who recommended him to 

 Prince Charles.^ James I. obtained the King 

 of Denmark's permission for him to settle in 

 England, and on 28 May 1625 Cleyne was 

 made a free denizen,* and on 4 June follow- 

 ing was granted a pension of ;^ioo a year.* 

 He was commissioned to adapt the old suites 

 and to compose new ones.* Under his direc- 

 tions the five cartoons of Raphael, which upon 

 the advice of Rubens were purchased by 

 Charles I. for the purposes of the Mortlake 

 works, were copied, and on the copies his 

 inscription 'J. ( ?) Clein fee. anno 1646 ' has 

 been seen.'' He lived in the house already 

 mentioned opposite the factory, and the bap- 

 tisms of several of his children are recorded 

 in the registers of the parish. He had also 

 a house in London near Covent Garden 

 Church.8 He died in 1658.^ 



Sir Francis Crane must have soon obtained 

 a considerable amount of support for his 

 undertaking, chief among his patrons, in 

 addition to the king, being Prince Charles 

 and the Marquis (afterwards Duke) of Buck- 

 ingham. In 1623 Prince Charles wrote to 

 his Council from Madrid directing them to 



1 MUntz, op. cit. 295-6. 



2 Anderson, op. cit. 6-7. 

 = Ibid. II. 



* Pat. Chas. I. pt. iz, No. 10. 

 s Ibid. No. 2. 



8 MUntz, op. cit. 298, quoting Walpole, Jn(c- 

 dotes of Painting, ii. 26. 

 ' MUntz, op. cit. 298. 

 8 Anderson, op. cit. 1 1 . 

 » MUntz, op. cit. 298. 



pay ;^700 for some drawings of tapestry, 

 which he had ordered from Italy, and ^^500 

 for a suite then making for him at Mortlake 

 by Sir Francis Crane representing the Twelve 

 Months, which he earnestly desired might be 

 finished before his return,^" He appears in 

 the very first year of his reign to have been 

 indebted to Sir Francis in ^^6,000 for three 

 suites of gold tapestry ."•* 



In an undated letter to the king, written 

 probably in or about the year 1623, Sir 

 Francis Crane refers to the suite of the 

 Months which Prince Charles had commis- 

 sioned him to make, and also says that it was 

 by the prince's order that he had sent to 

 Genoa for certain drawings of Raphael, 

 which were designs for tapestries made for 

 Pope Leo X. For these there was 5^300 to 

 be paid, besides the charge of bringing them 

 home. Sir Francis represents himself at the 

 end of his resources and not knowing ' how 

 to give continuance to the business one month 

 longer.' He was out already above ;^i 6,000 

 in the business, and never made returns of 

 more than ^^2,500. Both the prince and 

 the Marquis of Buckingham had commanded 

 him to keep the business afoot, and promised 

 him for the present ' to keep the fire going 

 (which was the prince's own phrase).' The 

 marquis had promised him that he should 

 instantly have the money laid out for him, 

 ;r3,200, and the benefit besides of two 

 serjeants."^^ On 28 June 1623 there was a 

 report current to the effect that Sir Francis 

 Crane was to receive the price of ten or 

 twelve serjeants-at-law to be appointed at 

 ;^500 each for the benefit of the tapestry 

 works, and to pay off a debt due to him from 

 the Duke of Buckingham.^^ 



Sir Francis's representations probably had 

 their effect, for on 12 January 1624—5 * 

 warrant was issued to pay him ^2,000 to be 

 employed in ^^ 1,000 per annum of pensions 

 or other gifts made by the king and not yet 

 payable, and for ease of his Majesty's charge 

 of ;^i,ooo a year towards the maintenance 

 of his tapestry manufacture." On 10 May 

 1625 Charles I. granted him an annual pen- 

 sion of ;^2,ooo for ten years,'* and in Feb- 

 ruary 1628 mortgaged Grafton and other 



1° Lysons, op. cit. 281. 



11 Manning and Bray, Hist, of Surrey, iii. 302. 



" The letter is printed in full in Anderson, op. 

 cit. 7, 8, and is quoted by Miintz (op. cit. 296) 

 from The European Magazine, October 1786, 

 p. 285. 



13 S.P. Dom. Jas. I. cxlvii. 80. The Marquis 

 of Buckingham obtained a dukedom in 1623. 



" Ibid. Docquets. 



>i Pat. I Chas. I. pt. 11, No. 6. 



355 



