FORESTRY 



' afforestation,' and the land included within the afforested limits was 

 called a 'forest ' {foresta). A forest was therefore not necessarily a wood- 

 land, nor was any woodland necessarily a forest ; but the latter always 

 included a greater or less extent of wooded tracts in order to provide 

 quiet, shelter and cover for the big game. 



The only idea we can form of the woodlands in Surrey towards the 

 end of the eleventh century is from the scant information supplied by 

 the Domesday Book (1086), which will be found in another part of 

 this work/ The Domesday entries referring to the woodlands are rather 

 diversified. The value of the woods appears to have been estimated 

 by the number of swine given in return for the pannage and herbage ; 

 while the ratio of the hogs thus given varied from one in ten to one in 

 seven. The largest landowners in the county at that time appear to 

 have been King William I., Richard de Tonebrige and Odo, Bishop of 

 Bayeux, while the greatest extents of woodlands were apparently in the 

 royal possession. 



Of the land held by subjects the largest wooded tract appears to 

 have been that of Eustace, Count of Boulogne, at Oxted in Tandridge 

 hundred, which is described as a wood worth 1 00 hogs from the pannage 

 {^Si/va c. porcorum de pasnagio '). 



There is one interesting entry in the Surrey Domesday which deserves 

 particular notice. It is popularly supposed, probably from the note at 

 the end of Sir Walter Scott's novel, that Woodstock was the first ' park ' 

 formed in England.* That this is altogether improbable is proved by 

 an entry with regard to the king's demesne land in Stoke, Guildford, 

 which speaks of its containing ' a wood worth forty hogs, and the same is 

 in the king's park ' (' Silva xl. porcorum, et ipsa est in parco regis ') . 



Apart from certain land of no great extent included in Windsor 

 Forest there do not appear to have been any royal forests formed in 

 Surrey until the twelfth century, when Henry II. afforested the royal 

 manors of Guildford, Woking, Brookwood, and part of Stoke, and finally 

 declared the whole county to be forest,' although forest administration 

 does not appear to have ever been extended to the whole of the county. 



There can be no doubt that Henry II. made very large new afforesta- 

 tions throughout various parts of England, and recast the legislation 

 relating to the forests. In the Assize of Woodstock, 1 184, he enacted the 



' See also the remarks made in vol. i. on p. 356. 



» Sir Walter Scott, a great admirer of Evelyn's Sylva, probably accepted the above statement on 

 the authority of the latter. Apparently made from memory, and never verified by examination of the 

 work referred to, this statement in question (see Dr. Hunter's edition of Evelyn's Syte, 1786, ii. 278) 

 mentioned : ' Woodstock (which, as Camden tells us, was the first park in England).'— What Camden 

 actually said, however, was something entirely different. It was as follows (see Camden's Britannia, 

 ed. 2, 1722, p. 298) : 'Henry the first also adjoin'd to the Palace (of Woodstock) a large Park enclos'd 

 writh a wall of Stone ; which John Rous aflirms to have been the first Park in England, though we 

 meet with these words, Parea sylvestris bestiarum, more than once in Domesday-book. But afterwards, 

 they encreas'd to so great a number, that there were computed more in England, than in all the 

 Christian world besides ; as great delight did our Ancestors take, in this noble sport of Hunting.' 



3 Manning and Bray's Histoi-y and Antiquities of Surrey (1804), i. Intro, p. iv. ; E. W. Brayley's 

 Topographical History of Surrey (1850), i. 193. 



♦ See i. 356-7, footnote i. 



563 



