A HISTORY OF SURREY 



the polygon between each pair of projecting but- 

 tresses, and the salient angles formed by the inter- 

 section of these sides are masked by small pilaster 

 buttresses, which spring from a battering plinth 

 which encircles the base of the walls. Much of the 

 facing masonry has been destroyed, and the whole 

 keep is overgrown with ivy and other vegetation, 

 but the general scheme is still clear. In the north- 

 north-east bay are remains of two gardrobes, one 

 with two, the other with a single shoot. All the 

 masonry of the keep is of the twelfth century, ex- 

 cept certain additions to the gateway tower, which 

 are probably the work of Bishop Fox, 1500-28. 

 The gateway has plain inner and outer arches, the 

 former having a portcullis groove. The masonry is 

 much patched, and the outer angles of the tower 

 have been rebuilt. On the inner side the entrance 

 passage has been lengthened by a flight of steps 

 between walls carried on four-centred brick arches, 

 and having in the west side at the foot of the steps 

 a small chamber 7 feet by 4, lighted from the door- 

 way only ; it may have served for the porter. 

 These additions are of the sixteenth century, and 

 remains of work of the same date are to be seen on 

 the top of the outer walls of the tower, including 

 a window of two four-centred lights under a flat 

 head. 



From the gateway of the keep a steep descent 

 with several flights of steps leads to the east wing 

 of the main block of building. The steps and 

 flanking walls are in their present state compara- 

 tively modern, but occupy the position of the old 

 work, and parts of the east wall may be of Bishop 

 Henry's time. The steps now give access to a 

 passage running at right angles to their direction 

 into the central courtyard, but must formerly have 

 entered the buildings at a higher level, about 

 that of the present first floor. To the south of 

 the passage just noticed is a long narrow wedge- 

 shaped room, now known as the ' dungeons ' ; 

 its north and south walls are of twelfth cen- 

 tury work, and at first it was open at both ends, 

 forming a passage between the courtyard and the 

 area enclosed by the outer walls of the castle. It 

 is spanned by a pointed twelfth century arch, 

 which abuts on its south wall at an angle of 65°, 

 being approximately parallel to the line of the 

 staircase from the keep, and marking the position 

 of the'original inner wall of this staircase at its junc- 

 tion vrith the main block of buildings. The distance 

 from this arch eastwards to the return wall across 

 the passage gives about 12 feet for the probable 

 width of staircase above at this point. 



The original arrangements of the triangular 

 block of buildings which forms the inhabited part 

 of the castle at the present day have been some- 

 what obscured by the alterations and repairs of 

 seven and a half centuries, but the main features 

 are still dear. In the middle of the south wing 

 is the hall, having on the west the kitchen and 

 chapel, and on the east the great chamber and 

 living rooms, through which the stairs to the keep 



were reached. The hall as built by Bishop Henry 

 was a spacious room, 66 feet long by 44 wide, being 

 divided by two rows of wooden pillars lo inchet 

 square into a central space 27 feet wide, and two 

 side aisles each about 8 feet 6 inches wide. One of 

 the wooden pillars of the south arcade is yet to be 

 seen built up in the later wall which contains the 

 fireplace ; it has a scalloped capital with a deep 

 abacus above it, and being probably not later thio 

 1 160 is of great interest as a piece of twelfth 

 century woodwork. Two other similar pillars n^v 

 disclosed in the same wall during altera tion^B 

 the time of Bishop Browne (1873-91). At ^m' 

 west end of the hall is a wide central doorway nfth 

 a segmental arched head and banded jambihafts, 

 between two smaller doorways. The central door- 

 way has had doors opening inwards to the hall, 

 and communicated with the kitchen by a short 

 passage. Of the two smaller doorways, whose doors 

 opened outwards, that to the south probably led 

 to the buttery, and that to the north to a small 

 room, which may have been the pantry, looking 

 on to the open area between the kitchen and the 

 chapel.2 The details of the central doorway are 

 not compatible with a date in Henry of Bloit'i 

 episcopate, but the tooling of the masonry suggeiti 

 that the work is not later than the end of the 

 twelfth century. The hall was doubtless lighted 

 from both sides, but no original windows remain. 

 It must have had north and south doorways where 

 the present ones are, and perhaps a south porch, 

 (which would be the entrance for guests and 

 strangers), parts of whose walls may exist embedded 

 in the later masonry. A cellar runs under the 

 south side of the hall and the buildings east of it. 

 How long the hall retained its original arrangementl 

 is not certain, but it received its present shape at 

 the hands of Bishop Morley, 1662-84. BiBhajl 

 Fox when he built the entrance tower may have' 

 done something to bring the hall more into accord- 

 ance with the ideas of his time, but if so, the later 

 work has destroyed all evidence of this. Bishop 

 Morley remodelled in brick the whole north side 

 of the hall, replacing the old windows by wide 

 roundheaded lights under projecting brick arches, 

 and making an upper tier of windows, which light 

 an open gallery running round the north and east 

 sides of the hall. He cut off the west bay of the 

 hall by a screen vtrith two openings, and built a 

 solid brick wall containing a wide fireplace with 

 wooden jambs and mantel on the line of the old 

 south arcade, thus reducing the size of the hall 

 to 49 feet by 30. The brick entrance tower built 

 against the south wall of the hall at its west end 

 is fine and lofty, the work of Bishop Fox, whose 

 initials R. W. were formerly to be seen on it. At 

 its south-west and south-east angles are semi- 

 octagonal turrets, which do not come to the ground, 

 but are corbelled out at the level of the first floor. 

 It has an embattled parapet with a cornice of 

 trefoiled brick arches and large projecting machi- 

 colations of cut brickwork. The entrance archway 



» The arrangement is very like that WelU,at Lincoln, where the large door- and the «maller to the buttery on one 

 of the hall built by Bishop Hugh of way opened to a passage to the kitchen, side, and the pantry on the other. 



600 



