FARNHAM HUNDRED 



is not in the middle of its south front, but close 

 to its east end. It has a four-centred moulded 

 brick arch, with a groove as if for the grate of a 

 portcullis, which from other indications can hardly 

 have been the case, and gives access to a flight of 

 steps leading to a second flight, at the head of 

 which is the entrance doorway to the hall screens, 

 having a four-centred arch virith a label, of the same 

 date as the entrance tower. It occupies the 

 position of the twelfth century doorway, of which 

 no traces exist. 



The kitchen occupies the south-western angle 

 of the buildings, and is of irregular shape, with its 

 south-western angle strengthened by a massive 

 turret lo feet square. In its south wall is a range 

 of five double-splayed windows with blunt pointed 

 heads, the glass-line being in the middle of the 

 wall. On the outer face of its west wall may be 

 seen traces of three similar windows, of which 

 that to the south is filled in with a fourteenth 

 century loop, and the other two blocked by a 

 fireplace which occupies the greater part of this 

 side of the kitchen. It is spanned by a wide 

 flattened arch of doubtful date, perhaps fourteenth 

 century. The modern fireplaces are in the north 

 wall, and it seems possible that the ancient ones 

 were there also, as there are no traces of angle 

 fireplaces, and no other position is available. The 

 east wall of the kitchen is much thinner than the 

 rest, but seems to be of the same date. It con- 

 tains a modern doorway, to the south of the pre- 

 sumable position of the original one, but the whole 

 is so hidden by plaster and casings that the exist- 

 ence of the latter cannot be determined. Next 

 to the kitchen, on the north, and separated from 

 it by a narrow court, once open to the sky, is the 

 old chapel, now used as a servants' hall ; its orienta- 

 tion is approximately correct. Its floor level is 

 about 9 feet above that of the hall or kitchen, 

 and it must have been reached by a staircase. 

 The arrangement of the plan suggests that this 

 was in its east wall, where a large block of masonry 

 exists, but no evidence is now to be seen in con- 

 firmation of this. It had a nave measuring in 

 round numbers 24 feet long by 16 wide, divided 

 from a shallow chancel about 8 feet by 16 wide by 

 a pointed arch of two orders. There are two 

 windows in the south wall of the nave, and at its 

 west end a large round-arched recess 13 feet wide 

 by 2 J deep, v/ith a lamp niche in its southern 

 jamb, and over the head of the recess a round- 

 headed niche. The west wall has two modern sash 

 windows and no traces of the original fenestration. 

 In the thirteenth century an aisle of two bays 

 with round columns and pointed arches of two 

 chamfered orders was added on the north side ; 

 this has been destroyed and the arcade remains 

 blocked in the wall. Below the chapel, which from 

 the first has had a floor carried on wooden beams, 

 is a cellar now used as a still-room. 



From the north-west angle of the chapel a thick 

 wall, probably of Bishop Henry's date, runs north- 

 east towards the keep. It is covered vnth rough- 

 cast on its outer face, and pierced with late windows, 

 and may at first have been merely a curtain wall 

 with wooden buildings against its inner side. At 



FARNHAM 



present it is masked by a three-storey range of un- 

 pretentious eighteenth century buildings in brick 

 and plaster, though a fine sixteenth century brick 

 chimney stack at its north-west angle, and the 

 condition of the masonry of the wall of the keep 

 in the line of its direction, are evidences of the 

 existence of older work on the site. The wall 

 now stops short of the keep, and the interval is 

 filled by a passage to the inner courtyard and a 

 laundry. 



Bishop Henry's buildings to the east of the 

 hall have undergone more alteration than those 

 to the west, and their original arrangement is not 

 certain. The south wall of the hall is continued 

 eastwards for some 80 feet, with the difference that 

 it is only 5 feet 3 inches thick as against 6 feet 

 3 inches in the hall. It contains two pairs of 

 original windows, which now light the bishop's 

 and chaplain's studies, much altered and retooled 

 and fitted vidth modern muUions and jambs, but 

 retaining enough of the old stonework in their 

 inner and outer jambs to prove their date. The 

 north wall of this range of buildings is not older 

 than Fox's time, but may stand on older founda- 

 tions, and the jambs of a window to be seen in the 

 north wall of the cellar, under the west end of the 

 bishop's study, may belong to the original work. 

 The east end of this range may also be Fox's work, 

 as the south wall ends abruptly in such a wav as 

 to suggest that it once continued eastward, but 

 there is no evidence on the point. It seems, how- 

 ever, clear that part of the east wall of the hall 

 was at one time an outer wall, and formed the 

 west side of a court, which may have been closed 

 on the east by a wall joining the east end of the 

 south front to the rooms adjoining the staircase 

 from the keep. 



At the north-east angle of the hall is a fine 

 stone vice, part of the original work. Its steps 

 are carried by pointed arches radiating from the 

 newel. It is now completely masked by later 

 buildings, and can only be seen, and with consider- 

 able difficulty entered, through a hole in the floor 

 at the head of the great staircase at the east of 

 the hall. Its east side is in a very ruinous condi- 

 tion, and the stair has been filled up with rubbish 

 to prevent its collapse. It formerly gave access 

 from the hall to the block adjoining its north-east 

 angle, and, from the evidence of a doorway towards 

 the inner courtyard at first floor level, to some 

 building now destroyed in the south-east angle 

 of the courtyard. 



The adjoining block is irregular in shape, set 

 at something less than a right angle with the hall ; 

 little can be said about it except that it must have 

 contained the great chamber. Its north wall is 

 of great thickness, and ends towards the courtyard 

 with a straight joint against the later masonry to 

 the north of it. At 2 feet 3 inches south of the 

 straight joint are the quoins of a re-entering angle, 

 of which the west side has been cut away ; whether 

 belonging to an angle turret or buttress, or to a 

 wall running westwards, is not clear. It has been 

 cut away to straighten up this side of the courtyard 

 when the later wall north of it was built, for the 



same reason. 



II 



601 



76 



