212 CERULEAN WARBLER. 
that the birds, at a season when all the rest of nature puts on its most gorgeous 
coloring, should array themselves in their dullest; but it must be borne in mind that 
many of them played their part before these brilliant leaves had burst their buds, and 
now, like ushers and orchestra, whose duty has been proformed, they stand aside 
among the audience, and watch the shifting glories of the final transformation scene. 
So let us leave them until, attired in fullest costume, they come again to herald, with 
overtures of joyous songs, the rising of the curtain on a new year.” 
NAMES: Macnoxia WarBLER, Black-and-yellow Warbler. 
SCIENTIFIC NAMES: Motacilla maculosa Gmel. (1788). Sylvia maculosa Lath. (1790). Sylvia maculosa 
Wilson (1811). Sylvicola maculosa S. & R. (1831), Aud. DENDROICA MACULOSA Barrp (1858). 
DESCRIPTION: A very beautiful bird. Male, above, dark; rump, bright yellow; “crown, clear ash, bor- 
dered on the sides by white, framed in black, there being a black band across forehead and along sides 
of head, joining that of back, enclosing the white under eyelid.” Entire underparts bright rich yellow, 
heavily streaked across breast and along sides of body with black; under tail-coverts, white. Wing- 
patch, white; tail-spots, white, of small size. Female, similar, with head-marks and streaks less 
distin&. 
Length, 5.00 inches; wing, 2.50; tail, 2.00 inches. 
CERULEAN WARBLER. 
Dendroica cerulea BatrpD. 
PLATE XIII. Fic. 6. 
The beautiful little CERULEAN WaRBLER is a common bird in the rich bottom 
woods of southern Indiana, Illinois and adjacent parts of Missouri. Near St. Louis, and 
especially in the woods bordering the lower Missouri, the Mississippi, the Kaskaskia, 
the Wabash and Ohio, it is by far the most abundant member of the Warbler family. 
When rambling about with Mr. Otto Widmann in the woods near Creve Coeur Lake, 
we frequently observed this Warbler in the tall trees. In the willows close by numerous 
Prothonotary Warblers, and near the banks of the lake Large-billed Water Thrushes 
trilled their wild woodland melodies. The woods consist here entirely of deciduous trees, 
many of which are of gigantic size. Water-oaks, sweet gum, hack-berries, tulip trees, 
elms, black walnut and pecan trees, coffee-bean, honey locust, and hickories being the 
most common. The Cerulean Warbler almost exclusively frequents these woods, keeping 
much among the tree tops, rarely descending to the low bushes, and’ then perhaps only 
to search for nesting material. On warm days in June one may almost constantly hear 
the-song, which sounds like the syllables dee-dee-dee-teree-teeh. 
This Warbler occurs east to the Alleghanies and north to southern Canada. In 
western and central New York it seems to be no rare bird. Rev. J. H. Langille gives 
the following account: “It is a bird of the woods, everywhere associated with the 
tall forests of the more northern counties of western New York, sometimes found in 
the open woods of pasture-lands, and quite partial to hardwood trees. In its flitting 
motions in search of inse¢t-prey, and in the jerking curves of its more prolonged flight, 
as also'in structure, it is a genuine Wood Warbler, and keeps, for the most part, to 
what Thoreau calls ‘the upper story’ of its sylvan domain. Its song, which is frequent, 
