HERMIT WARBLER. 231 
but the full extent of its breeding range is not yet ascertained. Almost all of our orni- 
thologists have found it in the pine regions. Its habits do not differ from those of the 
other species. 
DESCRIPTION: Upper parts, yellowish-olive, streaked with black; sides of head, bright yellow, enclosing a 
large black patch which runs through the eye; two white bands on the wing; two outer tail-feathers, 
white, with a brown streak near the end; third, white streak on the end. Under-parts, yellow; chin, 
throat, with streaks on the sides of the breast, flanks, and under tail-coverts, black; belly, white. 
Length, 5 inches. 
HERMIT WARBLER. 
Dendroica occidentalis Batrp. 
This species is widely spread over the western part of our country, from the Rocky 
Mountains to the Pacific and from Washington southward, wintering in Guatemala. 
Mr. Henshaw says, that it is so similar in habits and general appearance to Towns- 
end’s Warbler, that it is impossible to distinguish the two species at the distance at 
which they are usually seen. Like other species it always shows an attachment to 
high pine-clad regions. The song which is frequently heard from the tops of the pine 
trees at very regular intervals is, according to its discoverer, Mr. Nuttall, a soft, moody, 
faint, and monotonous note.—Mr. C. A.’ Allen found the nest in Blue Cafion, Cal., in 
1886. It was composed of the fibrous stalks of herbaceous plants, fine dead twigs, 
lichens'!, and a cotton twine, lined with the soft inner bark of some coniferous 
tree and fine long hairs, apparently from the tail of a squirrel. The bright, yellow 
Evernia, sprinkled rather plentifully around the rim, gave a touch of color.to the other- 
wise cold, gray tone of the exterior and contrasted agreeably with the warm reddish- 
brown lining. Although the materials were coarse and wadded, rather than woven, 
together, the general effect of this nest was neat and tasteful. The three nests Mr. Allen 
found were placed in “pitch-pines,” from twenty-five to forty feet above the ground, on 
thick, scraggy limbs, where they were so well concealed that it was almost impossible 
to find them. The eggs resembled those of the Summer Yellowbird. 
DESCRIPTION: Male: Above, ashy-gray, tinged with olive, closely streaked with black; below, white. Top 
and sides of the head, rich yellow, the former with black markings; central line of chin, throat, and 
jugulum, black, ending on the breast with a sharp convex outline, contrasted with the adjoining 
white. Female: Described as similar, with the yellow on the head less extended. 
Length, 5 inches. 
KIRTLAND’S WARBLER. . 
Dendroica kirtlandi Batrp. 
This species which is closely allied to the Myrtle Bird and Audubon’s Warbler was 
discovered by Dr. J. P. Kirtland, of Cleveland, O., in May 1851. It was also found in 
Michigan and in the Bahamas in winter. Dr. Hoy, the veteran naturalist of Racine, 
Wis., told me a few weeks ago that he was confident of having seen it near that city, 
and Mr. Otto Widmann captured a specimen at St. Louis, Mo., May 8, 1885. It is 
exceedingly rare, and nothing is known about its haunts and nesting habits 
1 Evernia vulpina. 
