PALM WARBLER. 233 
catching flying inseéts. At the time of their migration they may be found in all kinds 
of mixed woods, but their haunts in spring and summer are always the tall pines, where 
it is often difficult to discover their whereabouts—the more so as their song is mis- 
leading, being very ventriloquial. Their song reminded me always cf that of the Black. 
throated Green Warbler. It is very melodious, clear, and ‘deliciously drowsy.” Accord- 
ing to Mr. H. D. Minot, it is apparently a delicately trilled whistle, but really a series 
of fine notes, as is proved by the fact that the birds open and shut their bills, whilst 
emitting the sound. It closely resembles one of the Snowbirds’ whistles, and also the 
trill of the Swamp Sparrow. 
This Warbler breeds in all our Atlantic States, at least as far south as South 
Carolina, where the eggs are laid in the latter part of March. In the pine barrens of 
New Jersey they usually breed in early May and in New England in the last week of 
the same month. The nests are always placed in pines, cedars, and spruces, being 
lodged in forks at the tops of the trees, where they are well concealed. The materials 
the structures consist of are soft and durable, being an admixture of wiry plant-stems, 
a few feathers, fibres of asclepias, caterpillar’s webs, and fern-down, lined with hairs, 
feathers, soft roots, and fern-down. Other nests are built exteriorly mainly of fine black 
roots, wooly bark-strips of the red cedar and hempen fibres. The nest is about twenty- 
five to forty feet above the ground. The eggs, usually four in number, have a dull 
white ground-color, with purplish and brown markings, sprinkled chiefly around the 
large end. 
In September old and young leave the Northern States and New England, seldom 
‘lingering into October, ‘‘and never, like the Palm Warblers and Myrtle Birds, taking 
their chances of November weather.” In its winter migrations the Pine Warbler does 
not appear to leave our country, and has not been recorded as a winter visitor from 
any of the West Indies, from Mexico or Central America. In Florida as well as in 
Texas it is a common winter sojourner. 
NAMES: Pine WarBLER, Pine-creeping Warbler, “Vigor’s Vireo” (Nuttall). 
SCIENTIFIC NAMES: Sylvia vigorsii Audubon (1832). Vireo vigorsii Nuttall (1832). DENDROICA 
VIGORSI StTeJNEGER (1885). Sylvia pinus Wilson. Dendroica pinus Baird (1858). 
DESCRIPTION: Above, yellowish-olive; belly and two wing-bars, white; superciliary line, throat, and 
breast, yellow. Female, similar, but duller. 
Length, 5.50 inches; wing, 3.00; tail, 2.40 inches. 
PALM WARBLER. 
Dendroica palmarum Barrp. 
PuaTe XIII. Fic. 3. 
ZAls*HE PatmM WARBLER or Red-poll is a conspicuous bird during the autumn migra- 
a tion in the Northern, New England, and Middle States. It arrives in Wisconsin 
and central Illinois from high northern latitudes in the latter part of September or 
early in October, when our woods and shrubberies are ablaze with glowing autumn 
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