248 KENTUCKY WARBLER. 
“which fairly runs over with fine, gushing, lyrical sounds.’ The bird is not a diligent 
singer but one of the finest in such localities. 
I have never observed the Louisiana Water Thrush in Wisconsin or northern 
Illinois. It is essentially a southern bird and is rarely found north of latitude 42°. 
It arrives at Freistatt, Lawrence County, Mo., usually about April 20, in Lee County, 
-Tex., about April 10. It winters in the West Indies, southern Mexico, Honduras, 
Guatemala, south to Panama. In summer it occurs in the United States from the Atlantic 
west to the Plains. 
NAMES: Louisiana Warer Turusn, Large-billed Water Thrush, Large-billed Accentor, Water Wagtail, 
Wagtail. 
SCIENTIFIC NAMES: Turdus motacilla Vieillot (1807). SEIURUS MOTACILLA Bonap. (1850). Turdus 
ludovicianus Aud. (1832). .Seiurus lidovicianus Bonap. (1838). 
DESCRIPTION: “Upper parts, olive-brown, with a shade of greenish. A conspicuous white superciliary line 
from the bill to the nape, involving the upper lid, with a brown one from the bill through the eye, 
widening behind. Under-parts, white, with a very faint shade of pale buff behind, especially on the 
tail-coverts. A dusky maxillary line; the forepart of the breast and sides of body with arrow-shaped 
streaks of same color. Chin, throat, belly, and under tail-coverts, usually immaculate. 
“Length, 6.33 inches; wing, 3.25; tail, 2.40 inches.... Sexes, similar.’ (Ridgway.) 
KENTUCKY WARBLER. 
Geothlypis formosa RipGWAY. 
PLaTE XIV. Fic. 3. 
q a RIVERS, bayous, and swamps of southern Louisiana and south-eastern Texas 
are fringed with an almost impenetrable jungle of low bushes, trailing vines, and 
robust growing perennials. The branches of the trees are festooned with long pendant 
masses of Spanish moss. In the shallow water grow cypress trees, water tupelos, 
button-bushes’, and willows, while on the border several varieties of oaks, the beautiful 
sweet gum?’ and black birches thrive luxuriantly. Magnolias, loblolly bays, wax 
myrtles, hollies, and other evergreen trees and: shrubs, numerously interspersed with 
elms and ashes, are also found in such localities. Mexican mulberry, dogwood, and other 
berry-bearing shrubs are encountered in great numbers. The entire forest, especially 
the larger trees and bushes near the water, are in many places so densely covered and 
interlaced with trailing and creeping vines as to form an almost solid barrier to the 
explorer. Garland-like the laurel smilax? climbs over bushes and trees, and the trumpet 
vine‘ and the Virginia creeper* cling to the bark of the forest monarchs even at their 
very tops. The beautiful clusters of orange-colored blossoms of the trumpet creeper 
1 Cephalanthus occidentalis. 2 Liquidambar, styracifilua, % Smilax laurifolia. 
quinquetolia 4 Tecoma radicans. 5 Ampelopsis 
