316 LOGGERHEAD SHRIKE. 
similar attack, but escaped unharmed, and though he remained about the house several 
days, was too wary to allow himself to be decoyed within gunshot.” 
In the winter of 1879 my friend, Consul-General Emil Dreier, of Chicago, caught 
three of these Shrikes in a trap cage. As he had no suitable cage to keep them separate, 
-he confined them all three to one large cage. In a very short time one of them was 
killed, his body torn to pieces and impaled on a sharp piece of wire. The next morning 
the other one was killed also by his companion. They, and also Sparrows which 
afterwards were put in its cage, were killed by sharp blows on the head. In its nesting 
habits it resembles closely the Loggerhead Shrike. . 
NAMES: NorTsern SHRIKE, Butcher-bird, Great American Shrike, Great Butcher Shrike. — Raubwiirger 
(German). 
SCIENTIFIC NAMES: Lanius excubitor Forst. (1771). LANIUS BOREALIS Viwitvor (1807). Collurio 
borealis Brd. (1858). 
DESCRIPTION: “Adults: Clear bluish-ash, bleaching on the scapulars and upper tail-coverts, the under-parts 
pure white, always more or less vermiculated with fine wavy cross-lines of dusky. A black bar along 
side of head, not meeting its fellow across forehead, enclosing the white under eyelid, and bordered 
above by hoary white, which reaches across the forehead. Wings, black, many or most of the quills 
tipped with white, and a large white spot at base of primaries. Tail, black, the outer feathers 
mostly white, the next three or four tipped with white in decreasing extent. Bill and feet, plumbeous- 
black. 
“Length about 10.00 inches; wing, 5.50; tail rather more.” (S.&C.,N. E. B. L., L. p. 207.) 
LOGGERHEAD SHRIKE. 
Lanius ludovicianus Linné. 
PLATE XVII. Fic. 4. 
4Als’HE LoccerHEap SHRIKE is distributed over the more southern portions of the 
Eastern United States, north irregularly to Ohio and some of the New England 
States, regularly to Virginia and southern Illinois. According to Mr. Otto Widmann, 
this is the prevailing Shrike at St. Louis, Mo. In the Carolinas and Georgia it is also 
commonly met with, and in many of the orange groves of Florida it is a frequent 
summer sojourner, many even remaining through the winter months. The Wurrs- 
RUMPED SHRIKE, Lanius ludovicianus excubitorides Cours, inhabits the “central region 
of North America, north to the Saskatchewan, south over tablelands of Mexico, west 
to Lower California, Arizona, Nevada, etc., east across great plains, and sporadically 
through basin of the great lakes to northern New York.” (Ridgway.) A third form of 
the Loggerhead, the CALIFORNIA SHRIKE, Lanius Iudovicianus gambeli Riwew., occurs in 
California, especially in the coast district. 
The Shrike which we find in Wisconsin and northern Illinois, is the White-rump. 
In Wisconsin it frequently nests in apple and pear trees, in white-thorns and wild crab 
trees, while in northern Illinois it preferably selects for its nesting-site the osage orange 
