URINE EXAMINATION. 71 



sub-divide them according to the reaction of urine in 

 which found, color, and whether crystalline or amor- 

 phous. 



(a) Sediments in acid urine: 



Urate of soda, amorphous, brick red. 



Uric acid, crystalline, bright red. 



Oxalate of lime, crystalline, white. 



Monocalcium phosphate, crystalline (rare). 

 Ammonio-magnesic phosphate, crystalline, white. 



(found in urine becoming ammoniacal). 

 (6) Sediments in alkaline urine: 



1. Alkalinity due to fixed alkalies; 



Basic phosphates of Ca. and Mg. amorphous, white. 

 Calcium carbonate, crystalline. 



Dicalcic phosphate, crystalline. 



2. Alkalinity due to ammonia (usually fermentative) : 

 Ammonium urate, crystalline, yellow. 

 Ammonio-magnesic phosphate. 



Calcium carbonate. 



Tricalic phosphate. 



Besides these sediments we have at times the rarer 

 forms of chemical sediments, such as those of leucin 

 and tyrosin, lime and magnesia soaps, cystin, xanthin 

 and hippuric acid. It must be remembered that the 

 presence of many of these chemical sediments, does not 

 of necessity mean an increase in their amount in the 

 urine. The degree of concentration, the reaction and 

 putrefactive changes determine the presence of many 

 of them, so that in considering their import, these points 

 must be taken into consideration. 



