I 3] 



TEMPERATURE-LIMITS OF LIFE 



245 



Species. 



Minimum 



Tempkeatuke. 



Conditions 

 OF Experiment. 



Atjthohitt. 



Platyhelminths. 

 Dendrocoelum lacteum 



Mollusca. 

 Helix hispida . . . . 

 Helix pomatia . 

 Helix pomatia ... 



Helix hortensis . 



Helix aspera 



Planorbis 



Limnsea 



Pulmouate embryos 



Limax 



Annelida. 

 Aulastomum gulo . . 



Clepsine complanata 

 "Leech" 



Insecta, 

 Apis mellifica . . 

 Apis mellifica .... 

 Formica rufa .... 

 Pelopseus (chrysalis) 



Lema sp 



Paederus riparius . . 

 Phytonomus sp. . . 

 Melolontha .... 

 Melolontha (larva) . 

 Cetonia \ 



Hydrophilus J 



Dylisous 



Vanessa eardni, larva 

 Vane.isa io, larva . . 

 Smerinthns populi . 

 Ocneria dispar . 

 Calex pipiens, larva 

 Miisca 



Miisca dom 



Various insects 



(-: 



0°to- 



8° 

 10° 

 14° to -18°)+ 



-14° to -18°)+ 

 -14° to -18°)+ 



- 7° 



— 7° 



0° to — 1° 



-17°+ 



2° 



— 1.5° 

 -1.5° 



— 1.5° 

 -28°- 



- 6° 



- 4° 



- 12° 

 -18° + 

 -15° + 



-17° + 



- 4° 

 -15° 

 -17° + 

 -10° 



- 4° 



- 4° 



-6° to— 10° 



- 5° 

 0° 



Suddenly or gradually 

 subjected, till ice 

 forms 



Daring 30 minutes 

 During 600 minutes 

 Gradually frozen for 

 180 minutes, and 

 then thawed 

 During 180 minutes 

 " 180 



" 300 " (.4) 

 " 180 " (.4?) 

 " Died upon freezing " 



(JTand J) 

 During 2 hours {A) 



During 12 to 15 hours 

 {W) 



During 90 minutes {W) 

 " "some min- 

 utes" {W) 



During 210 minutes 

 " a few minutes 

 " 180 minutes 

 Out-of-doors, with- 

 stood this tempera- 

 ture 

 During 30 minutes 

 " 45 



90 

 120 

 180 



120 



" BO 



" COO 



" 120 



" 150 



" 30 



" 60 



" 180 



" 20 



" 2 to 30 minutes 

 (on ice) 



(A) 

 (4) 

 (4) 



ROEDEL, '86, p. 207 



" 191 



" " 192 



PO0CHET, '66, p. 28 



KOEDEL, '86, p. 212 

 " 212 

 " 212 



PoucHET, '66, p. 26 



EOEDEL, '86, p. 206 



" 213 

 DoEifHOFF,'72,p.725 



RoEDEL, '86, p. 212 



DOENHOFF,'72,p.724 



RoEDEL, '86, p. 196 

 Wtman, '56, p. 157 



ftoEDEL, '86, p. 197 

 " 197 

 " 197 



PoucHET, '66, p. 26 

 " 26 



" 26 



KocHS, '90, p. 682 

 ROEDEL, '86, p. 212 

 PoucHET, '66, p. 27 

 EoEDEL, '86, p. 212 

 " " 212 



" 212 



DOENHOFF,'72, p. 725 

 ROEDEL, '86, p. 201 

 Plateau, '72, p. 98 



