NOTES TO TABLE XXI 265 



11. The reference reads : " Not only confervas and other vegetables grow in 

 and about the hottest springs, but great numbers of little insects are constantly 

 sporting about the bottom and sides." The temperature of the various springs 

 runs from 92° to 151° F. 



12. Dana says: "A species of feathery vegetation occurs also upon them 

 [the stones of the brook], bordering the streamlets where the temperature is 

 160° F., and presenting various shades of green and white." 



13. Data concerning temperature incomplete. "Confervse abound in the 

 warm stream from the springs, and two species, one ochreous brown, and the 

 other green, occur on the margins of the tanks themselves, and in the hottest 

 water; the brown is the best salamander, and forms a belt in deeper water than 

 the green ; both appear in luxuriant strata, wherever the temperature is cooled 

 down to 168°, and as low as 90°." 



14. This seems a carefully observed case. Hot water flowed from the clefts 

 of the rock. "Die flache und schroffe Felswand worauf das heisse Wasser 

 rieselnd und tropfend herabfloss war mit 2 fingerdicken hell und dunkelgriinen 

 Oder auch gelben, rothlichen und braunen Filzen uberdeckt. In diese Filze an 

 den Spalten eingesenkt zeigte das Thermometer 65 bis 68° R., entfernter von 

 der Spalte schnell abnehmend weniger. Die organischen Filze waren so heiss, 

 dass sie mit den Flngern nicht fassbar waren." Examined microscopically, the 

 mass was found to consist partly of dead, partly of living " Eunotia forms" 

 overgrown with Oscillaria. A similar condition was found also " in der Schlecht 

 der Acqna della Rita bei eine Temperatur von 59° R. . . . Ich untersuchte in Serra- 

 valle aufgefangenes Wasser von 65° R. Warme, welches ich in ein Glas lauf en 

 liess, wahrend ich die felzige Masse driiokte. Es war sehr voll von vielartigen 

 lebenden kleinen Thieren. Darunter war 4 Arten munter bewegter Rader- 

 thiere, namlich Diglena CateUns, Conurus uncinatus, die Abanderung des 

 Brachionus Pola mit kleinen Stirnzahnen am Schilde, auch Philodiiia erythro- 

 phthalma, ausgebildete Eier im Innern fuhrend. Von Polygastern fauden sich 

 in frischer Lebensthatigkeit eine noch unbekannte eigenthtimliche, kleine' Nas- 

 Bula, Formen von Enchelys und Amphileptus von weniger sich auszeichender 

 Gestaltung. Besonders auffallend war die lebende Eunotia Sancta Antonii der 

 Capverdischer Inseln, deren Lebenszustand und Lebensbedingungen hierdurch 

 zum erstenmale bekannt werden." Despite the evident care taken to obtain 

 accurate results, Ehkenbeeg's observations have not been confirmed by Hoppe- 

 Seyler ('75, pp. 119, 120), who examined Ischia, but found no algae living at a 

 temperature nmch above 60°. 



15. The entire reference is this : "M. Flourens met sous les yeux de 1' Aca- 

 demic des confenes recueillies en Islande par M. Descloizeaux, qui les a trouvfes 

 v^g^tant dans la source thermale de Grof, k une temperature de 98 degr^s" [of 

 course, C.]. Hooker ('13, p. 160) is often quoted as having obtained vegeta- 

 tion in Icelandic hot springs. Unfortunately, he gives no temperature deter- 

 minations. He says: "Close to the edge of many of the hot springs [vicinity 

 of the Great Geyser], and within a few inches of the boiling water, in places 

 that are, consequently, always exposed to a considerable degree of heat, arising 

 both from the water itself and the steam, I found Conferva limosa Dillw. in 

 abundance." Again, " In water, also, of a very great degree of heat, were, both 

 abundant and luxurious, Conferva Jlavescens of Both and a new species allied 

 to C. rivnlaris." 



