6. Examine the peritoneum, tracing it from each side to the under surface of the 



vertebral column where it is reflected as a double layer to form the mesentery 

 and provide sacs or folds for the abdominal viscera. 



7. If a female, examine and remove the ovaries and oviducts. For directions see 



page 12. 



8. Note, without injuring the peritoneum, the position and relations of the follow- 



ing structures to be afterwards examined — 



(a) The liver and gall bladder ; (6) the stomach and duodenum, with (c) 

 the pancreas lying between them ; (d) the small and large intestine, 

 and (e) the spleen near their junction ; (/) the testes yellow oval 

 bodies in front of (^f) the flattened dark-red kidneys ; (h) the bilobed 

 bladder projecting from the front wall of the cloaca. 



9. Examine and make a diagram (4 nat. size) of the following veins — 



(a) System of the superior vena cava, consisting of — 



(1) The external jugular formed by the lingual and mandibular. 



(2) The innominate formed by the internal jugular and subscapular. 



(3) The subclavian formed by the brachial and the musculo- 



cutaneous. 

 Cut open the pericardium, tilt forward the apex of the heart, and observe 

 the two superior venae cavte entering the sinus venosus. 



(b) System of the inferior vena cava — 



The femoral and sciatic veins carry the blood from the hind limb. 

 Each femoral divides to form a pelvic vein, the anterior branches of 

 the two pelvic veins by uniting in the middle line give rise to the 

 anterior abdominal vein, while the posterior branches by uniting with 

 the sciatics form the renal portal veins. 



The system of the inferior vena cava includes — 



(1) The renal portal vein which formed by the union of the posterior 



division of the pelvic vein with the sciatic, receives the dorso- 

 lumbar vein (from the posterior walls of the abdomen and 

 from the oviducts in the female) as it enters the outer margin 

 of the kidney. 



(2) The anterior abdominal vein formed by the union of the anterior 



ends of the two pelvic veins : after receiving cystic, parietal, 

 and cardiac branches, it enters the liver. 



(3) The hepatic portal vein formed by the union of the gastric, 



splenic, and mesenteric veins (the splenic usually uniting with 

 one of the mesenteric veins). It unites with the branches of 

 the anterior abdominal vein and enters the liver. 



(4) The renal veins (4 or 5) which unite to form the inferior vena 



cava. The vena cava receives 



( i ) The ovarian or spermatic veins, and 

 (m) The right and left hepatic veins, and then opens into 

 the sinus venosus. 



(c) System of the pulmonary veins. Trace the pulmonary veins from the 



lungs, and observe that they unite to form a single trunk which opens 

 into the left auricle. 



