6 



0. Dissection of the Alimentary System. Note — 



1. The stomach. 



Turn the liver forwards and observe the dilated cardiac end, and 

 the end of the oesophagus ; the narrow pyloric end ; and the 

 greater and lesser curvatures. 



2. The duodenum, running from the pylorus along the right side of the 



abdomen posteriorly and returning to form a long U-shaped loop. 



3. The pancreas, (seen on turning the duodenum over to the left side), 



consisting of a number of fatty-looking lobules scattered in the 

 mesentery of the duodenal loop. 



The pancreatic duct receiving smaller ducts, and opening into 

 the ascending limb of the duodenum : an accessory duct opens into 

 the upper end of the duodenum. 



4. The liver, its convex anterior surface applied to the diaphragm, and 



attached to it by the suspensory ligament, its concave posterior 

 surface applied to the stomach ; its five lobes, viz. : — 



(a) The left central lobe, lying against the left half of the 

 • diaphragm. 



(b) The left lateral lobe, largest in size and partially sub-divided, 



lying between the left central lobe and the stomach. 



(c) The right central lobe, lying against the right half of the dia- 



phragm, and grooved on its posterior surface for the gall-bladder. 



(d) The caudate lobe, closely applied to the right kidney. 



(e) The Spigelian lobe,, smallest in size, and fitting into the lesser 



curvature of the stomach. 



The gall-bladder, elongated, thin-walled, dark green or brown in 

 colour, embedded in the right central lobe of the liver. 



The bile-duct, running from the small end of the gall bladder to 

 open into the duodenum immediately beyond the pylorus. It 

 receives hepatic ducts from the various lobes of the liver. 



5. The small intestine, continuous with the duodenum. 



6. The sacculus rotundus, the dilated end of the small intestine open- 



ing into the side of the caecum. 



7. The caecum and vermiform appendix. 



8. The colon, with its rows of sacculations. 



9. The rectum, terminating in the anus. 

 General structure of the alimentary canal. 



1. The stomach. Tie a ligature round the oesophagus near its entrance 

 to the stomach, and another round the duodenum an inch beyond 

 the pylorus. Remove the stomach from the body ; slit it up along 

 its posterior aspect ; wash it, and note — 



(a) The external serous coat, bluish-white and glistening. 



(b) The middle muscular coat, thickened towards the pylorus. 



(c) The internal mucous coat, with prominent rugae. 



(d) The pyloric valve, and the opening of the bile duct. 



