44 



Mouth Organs of Insects. 



On either side, near the junction of tiieligulaand mentum, 

 arises a jointed organ, rarely absent, called the labial palpus 

 (Fig. 7, kk), or, together, the labial palpi. Just within the 

 angle formed by these latter and the ligula arise the paraglosssa 

 (Fig. 17, d), one on either side. These are often wanting. 



Fig. 7. 



Mead of Bee much 



o— Eplcranium. 

 e e— Compound eyes. 

 a a — Antennae, 

 c— Clypeus. 

 Z— Labrum. 



m— Jaws. 

 m X—2& Jaws. 

 Jc A— Labial palpi. 

 «— Ligula. 



The jaws or mandibles (Fig. 7, m, m) arise one on either side 

 just below and at the side of the labrum, or upper lip. These 

 work sidewise instead of up and down as in higher animals, are 

 frequently very hard and sharp, and sometimes armed with one 



