32 COLLEMACEI. [LicHINA. 
1. L. pygmea Ag. Syn. Ale. 1817, p. 9; Nyl. Syn. i. p. 91, t. i. 
f. 16.—Thallus somewhat small, ceespitosely branched, greenish- or 
brownish-black ; branches erect, compressed upwards, obtuse at the 
apices. Apothecia small, concolorous, the ostiole slightly open or 
irregularly dehiscent; spores 0,022-29 mm. long, 0,011-16 mm. 
thick.—Gray, Nat. Arr. i. p. 888; Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 96; Sm. 
Engl. Fl. v. p. 270; Grev. Scot. Crypt. t. 219; Tayl. in Mack. Fl. 
Hib. ii. p. 170; Mudd, Man. p. 33, t.i. £. 1; Cromb. Lich. Brit. 
p. 2; Leight. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 3, xvi. p. 12, t. iv. 
f, 21; Lich. Fl. p. 18, ed. 3, p. 11.—Fucus pygmeus Lightf. Fl. 
Scot. ii. (1777) p. 964, t.82; With. Arr. ed. 3, p.100; Turn. Hist. 
Fue. t. 204. ff. a-h; Eng. Bot. t. 1322. Fucus pumilus Huds. Fl. 
Angl. ed. 2, p. 584.—Brit. Hvs.; Leight. n. 260; Larbal. Cesar. 
n. 51; Cromb. n. 1. 
This plant, which is about half an inch or a little more in height, 
might certainly, at first sight, be taken fora diminutive Fucus. The 
fructification, however, sufficiently shows its true systematic place; and 
indeed, considering that Lightfoot (7. c.) pointed out how nearly it was 
related to Lichens, it is strange that it should have been so long referred 
to the Algee. Both the apothecia and the spermogones are numerous, 
the latter with spermatia ellipsoid or oblongo-ellipsoid, about 0,003 mm. 
long, 0,001 mm. thick. 
Hab. On rocks exposed to the action of the tide in maritime districts.— 
Dist. General and common on all the more rocky coasts of the Channel 
Islands, Great Britain, and Ireland, but apparently not occurring in the 
N.E.. of Scotland.—B. M.: Islands of Guernsey, Sark, and Alderney. 
Ventnor, Isle of Wight; Isham rocks, near Torquay, Bigbury Bay, and 
Boveysand Bay, Devonshire; Mount’s Bay, St. Minver, and Scilly Isles, 
Cornwall; near Peel, Isle of Man; near Whitehaven, Cumberland. 
Near Caroline Park, Edinburgh; Loch Creran and Island of Mull, 
Argyleshire, Near Castlefreke, co. Cork: coast of Connemara, Galway. 
2. L. confinis Ag. Sp. Alg. 1823, p. 105.—Thallus rather small, 
densely cespitosely branched, olive- or brownish-black ; branches 
erect, rounded, subfastigiate. Apothecia small, concolorous, the 
ostiole slightly open or irregularly dehiscent; spores 0,022-29 mm. 
long, 0,011-16 mm. thick.—Sm. Engl. Fl. v. p. 270; Tayl.in Mack. 
Fi. Hib. ii. p. 170; Mudd, Man. p. 34; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 2; 
Leight. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 3, xvi. p. 12, t. 4. f. 22; 
Lich. Fl. p. 18, ed. 3, p. 12.—Lnchen confinis Ach. Prodr. (1798) 
p. 208; Eng. Bot. t. 2575. Fucus pygmeus B. minor Turn. Hist. 
Fuc. t. 204. ff. i-0. Lichina pumila Gray, Nat. Arr. 1. p. 388. 
Lichina pygmea f. minor Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 98.—Brit. Exs. : 
Larbal. Caesar. n. 1; Lich. Hb. n. 281. 
From L. pygmea, to which it is subsimilar, this is distinguished by 
being considerably smaller, scarcely 4 in. high, even in favourable situa- 
tions, and by anc the branches more crowded and not compressed, 
The apothecia are frequent, though in situations farther removed from 
tidal action it often occurs infertile. The spermogones, especially in 
otherwise barren specimens, are very abundant, with spermatia 0,0030- 
35 mum. long, 0,001 mm. thick. 
