24 EPHEBACEI. [PYRENOPSIS. 
thickish, diffracto-rimose, dark- or rubricose-brown, within sub- 
concolorous or darker in the lower portion. Apothecia superficial, 
urceolate, minute, subconcolorous or slightly darker, the margin thick, ° 
elevated, entire; spores 8ne, V,010-12 mm. long, 0,005-6 mm. 
thick ; hymenial gelatine, especially the thece, bluish with iodine.— 
Carroll, Journ. Bot. 1866, p. 22; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 2; Leight. 
Lich. Fl. p. 14, ed. 3, p. 14.—Collema hemaleum, var. hamatopis, 
Somm. Suppl. Fl. Lapp. '(1826) p. 117. 
From Euopsis hemalea, with which it here grows associated, this is 
externally distinguished by the thicker thallus and the minute urceolate 
apothecia. With us it is not usually seen with apothecia, though, when 
present, these are numerous. The spermogones in otherwise sterile 
plants are frequent, with very minute ellipsoid spermatia. 
Hub, On shady mica-schist rocks in alpine places.—Distr. Ex- 
tremely local and rare, among the 8. Grampians, Scotland.—B. M.: 
Summit of Ben Lawers, Perthshire. 
2. P. fuscatula Nyl. Mém. Soc. Cherb. v. (1857) p. 143.— 
Thallus effuse, noduloso-granulate, dark-brown or brownish-black, 
the granules agglomerate and confluent in somewhat depressed glo- 
merules, which are more or less discrete and irregularly scattered. 
Apothecia small, somewhat impressed, concolorous, the margin con- 
nivent; spores 8ne, 0,008-0,010 mm. long, 0,0045-0,0050 mm. 
thick; epithecium yellowish ; hymenial gelatine bluish, then violet, 
with iodine.—Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 16, ed. 3, p. 14; Cromb. Journ. 
Bot. 1874, p. 332. 
This is a small species, characterized chiefly by the noduloso-graniform 
thallus, which either spreads moderately over the substratum, when the 
glomerules are more discrete, or more frequently occurs in small inter- 
rupted patches. The apothecia are rarely met with rightly developed, 
though the spermogones are more common; they are very minute, with 
foe oblong or oblongo-cylindrical, 0,002 mm. long, about 0,0005 mm..- 
thick. 
Hab. On granitic and schistose rocks in maritime districts.— Distr. 
Rather local and rare, having been found only in the Channel Islands, 
N. Wales, and the 8.W. Highlands of Scotland.—B. M.: La Moye 
and Boulay Bay, Island of Jersey. Near Barmouth, Merionethshire. 
Island of Lismore, Argyleshire. 
3. P.subareolata Nyl. Lich. Scand. (1861) p. 27, nomen.—Thallus 
effuse or subeffuse, thinnish, diffracto-areolate, blackish, areola: some- 
what plane. Apothecia small, innate, subconvolorous, the epithecium 
impressed ; spores 8nz, 0,015 mm. long, 0,008 mm. thick ; hymenial 
gelatine bluish, then wine-reddish with iodine.——Cromb. Journ. 
Bot. 1882, p. 271.—To this also apparently is referable Verrucaria 
imbrida Tayl. Hook. Journ. Bot. vi. (1847) p. 153. 
This species is comparable with P. concordatula Nyl., from which 
among other characters, it at once differs in the smaller spores. The 
British specimens seen are not very typical, the apothecia being sparingly 
present, minute and scattered, but for the most part not well developed. 
Hab. On moist schistose rocks in mountainous districts.— Distr. Very 
