, 
GONIONEMA. | SIROSIPHEL. 19 
Ann, Mag. Nat. Hist, sor. 3, xvi. p. 8, t. 4. 1-6; Lich. Fl. p. 11, 
ed. 3, p. 9; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 1.—Polychidium velutinum Gray, 
Nat. Arr. i. p. 402; Lichen velutinus Ach. Prodr. (1798) p. 218. 
The thallus is very densely matted together, and sometimes spreads 
extensively over the substratum. When young and infertile it is 
with difficulty distinguished from some species of Scytonema. The 
apothecia, which are reddish when young, seem to be very rare in this 
country, nor are the spermogones often met with; they are nearly 
panes pale reddish, the spermatia being 0,002 mm. long, 0,001 mm. 
thick. 
Hab. On mica-schist rocks in mountainous districts— Distr. Local 
and scarce in North Wales, and among the Grampians, Scotland; no 
doubt often overlooked elsewhere—B. M.: Near Barmouth and Cader 
Idris, Merionethshire; Craig Breidden, Montgomeryshire. Ben Cruachan, 
Argyleshire; Ben Lawers and Craig Tulloch, Perthshire; Glen Callater, 
Braemar, Aberdeenshire. 
2. G. compactum Nyl. Flora, 1883, p. 104.—Thallus thinly 
filamentose, dark-brown, filaments ascending and crowded, forming 
a subascending tomentum. Apothecia globulose, reddish, the 
epithecium rather indistinct: spores oblong, 0,010-0,015 mm. long, 
0,006-0,008 mm. thick—Cromb. Journ. Bot. 1885, p. 195.— 
Scytonema compactum Ag. Disp. Alg. (1812) p. 39; Sm. Eng. Fl. 
v. p. 364. Hassallia compacta Hass. Br. Freshw. Alg..p. 232, 
t. 68. f£. 38. Strosiphon compactus Ktz., Leight. Lich. Fl. ed. 38, 
p. 9. 
The recent discovery of the fructification in N.W. England has defi- 
nitely placed this plant among Lichens, It differs from the preceding in 
the filaments, which are often curved, being more erect and branched 
towards the apices, and in the apothecia being globular, with the epi- 
thecium less distinct and the spores somewhat larger. The spermogones 
are globoso-adnate, with spermatia thin, 0,001 mm. long, 0,005 mm. 
thick. ; 
Hab. On moist rocks in upland and subalpine districts —Dvstr. Pro- 
bably not unfrequent, though seen only from N. Wales, N.W. England, 
S. and Central Scotland, and N.W. Ireland.—B. M.: Lyn Aran, Dolgelly, 
Merionethshire; Mardale, Westmoreland (frt.); Wastdale Lake, Cum- 
berland ; Ben Lawers, Perthshire. Near Kylemore Lake, co. Galway. 
2. SPILONEMA Born. Mém. Soc. Cherb. iv. (1856) p. 226; 
Nyl. Syn. i. p. 89.—Thallus minute, fruticulose, often pulvinate ; 
gonimia 2 or 3, or several together, arranged in more or less regular 
series throughout the rounded thallus. Apothecia small, lecideine, 
lenticular; spores simple or 1-septate, paraphyses thickish, arti- 
culate; hymenial gelatine bluish with iodine. Spermogones 
tuberculose, with jointed sterigmata, spermatia shortly cylindrical. 
This differs from Gonionema chiefly in the characters of the gonimia, 
paraphyses, and sterigmata. Some plants agreeing in the structure of 
the thallus and the apothecia with Spelonema, but the spermogones of 
which have not been detected, may also, for the present, be referred here, 
though eventually they may be found to belong to Sirosiphon ae Cromb, 
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