SYNOPSIS. 11 
76. Graphis Adans. Thallus thin, epiphlceodal or hypophlcodal : 
apothecia linear, divided or simple, innate at the base, with pluri- 
locular spores ;’ spermogones with simple sterigmata and straight 
or slightly curved spermatia. 
77. Chiodecton Ach. Thallus thin or thickish, pulverulento- 
verrucose: apothécia in the thalline verruce, substellato-radiate, 
often confluent, with 3-septate spores; spermogones with simple 
sterigmata and acicular, arcuate spermatia. 
78. Glyphis Ach. Thallus usually hypophleodal or obsolete, 
with large scattered verruce: apothecia in the thalline verruce, 
rotundate or elongate, compound, with plurilocular spores; sper- 
mogones not yet seen. 
79. Melaspilea Nyl. Thallus thin or obsolete: apothecia 
arthonioid, superficial, with l-septate spores; spermogones with 
simple sterigmata and straight spermatia. 
Series VI. PYRENODEI Nyl. Thallus peltate, crustaceous, 
hypophlieodal, or evanescent: apothecia nuclear, the hymenium 
enclosed in a pyrenium, with an apical ostiole. ‘ 
Tribe XX. PYRENOCARPEI Nyl. Thallus various, often 
maculate or obsolete; gonidial layer consisting of gonidia, rarely. 
of gonimia: apothecia pyrenodeine, often destitute of paraphyses, 
the epithecium constricted, punctiform. 
80. Normandina Nyl. Thallus squamulose, squamules thin, 
rounded; gonidial layer consisting of true gonidia: apothecia 
immersed, with septate spores; spermogones not seen. 
81. Endocarpon Hedw. Thallus peltate, or squameform, or 
areolate ; gonidial layer consisting of gonidimia: apothecia immersed 
or somewhat prominent, with simple spores; spermogones with 
jointed sterigmata and short straight spermatia. 
82. Verrucarina Nyl. Thallus crustaceous, areolate, mucoso- 
gelatinous, containing gonidimia: apothecia immersed or some- 
what prominent, with simple spores; spermogones with simple 
sterigmata and short straight spermatia. 
83. Verrucaria Pers. Thallus squamulose, or areolate, or pul- 
verulent, or obsolete, containing gonidia: apothecia semi-immersed 
or sessile, with entire or dimidiate pyrenium, and simple or variously 
septate or murali-locular spores; spermogones with simple ste- 
rigmata and various spermatia. 
84. Thelenella Nyl. Thallus epiphlceodal, thin, containing 
gonidia: apothecia innate, with immersed pyrenium and pluri- 
locular spores; spermogones with simple sterigmata and filiform 
cylindrical spermatia, 
