88 LICHENACEI. [cavicrum. 
by the fasciculate apothecia, the colour of the capitulum, and more 
especially by the rather variable spores. 
Hab, On old pales in upland tracts—Distr. Extremely local and 
scarce in W. England.—B. M.: Downton Castle, Herefordshire. 
Form 2. filare Ach. Lich. Univ. (i810) p. 239.—Thallus some- 
what scattered. Apothecia fasciculate, stipes more elongate, slender, 
with smaller capitulum. 
This form, which seems constant, differs in the thallus not being con- 
tinuous, and in the longer stipes and the smaller capitulum, characters no 
doubt resulting from the habitat. 
Hab. On the bark of old firs in moist upland situations.—Distr. Very 
local and rare among the 8S. Grampians, Scotland —B. M.: Aberfeldy and 
Ben Lawers, Perthshire, 
3. C. pheocephalum Turn. & Borr. Lich. Br. (1839) p. 145.— 
Thallus thickish, granulose, granules small, subsquamiform, plicato- 
congested, crenate, pale-greyish or dark-yellowish. Apothecia 
small; stipes rather short, slender, blackish or pale-brown ; capitulum 
turbinato-lentiform, greenish-yellow-pruinose, sporal mass somewhat 
plane ; spores 0,003-5 mm. in diameter.—Sm. Eng. Fl. v. p. 140; 
Cromb. Lich. Brit. p.11; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 40, ed. 3, p. 89.— 
Cyphelium pheocephalum Mudd, Man. p. 261. Lichen pheocephalus 
Turn. Linn. Soc. Trans. viii. (1807) p. 260, t. 6. f.1. Phacotium 
trabinellum Gray, Nat. Arr. i. p. 484. Lichen trabinellus Eng. Bot. 
t. 1540. 
The granuloso-squamulose thallus by which this plant is characterized 
varies somewhat in thickness and in colour according to the habitat. 
Although variable in other countries, all the British specimens are typical. 
ae apothecia are usually very numerous, and subsessile in thicker 
thalli. 
Hab. On old boarded buildings, rarely on pales, in upland wooded tracts. 
—Distr. Local and scarce in &., E., and W. England.—B. M.: Laken- 
ham, near Norwich, Norfolk; Bruisyard, Suffolk ; near Colchester, Essex ; 
Hurstpierpoint and Albourne, Sussex; Hay Park, near Ludlow, Shrop- 
shire. 
4. C. aciculare Fr. Sum. Veg. (1846) p. 119.—Thallus very thin, 
subleprose, greyish or obsolete. Apothecia minute, crowded ; stipes 
short, very slender, dark-brown ; capitulum obconico-turbinate, more 
or less citrino-suffused, sporal mass usually much protruded; spores 
0,003-4 mm. in diameter.—Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 40, ed. 3, p. 40.— 
Calicium pheeocephalum var. aciculare Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 12. 
Lichen acicularis Eng. Bot. (1812) t. 2885. Culicium chlorellum 
Turn. & Borr. Lich. Br. p. 146; Sm. Eng. Fl. v. p. 140; Mudd, 
Man. p. 262, t. iv. f. 107. Phacotium hispidulum Gray, Nat. Arr. 
i, p. 483.— Brit. Ews.: Leight. 0.170; Mudd, n. 252; Larb. Lich. 
Hb. n. 81; Bohl. n. 98. 
Allied to the preceding species, but differing in the thin, subleprose, or 
nearly evanescent ihallus, the minute, numerous, and crowded apothecia, 
the longer and narrower capitulum, and the protruded sporal mass. The 
