90 LICHEN ACEI. [cALIC1UM. 
—Cromb. Grevillea, xv. p. 14.—Calicium trichiale y. ferrugineum 
Mudd, Man. p. 260, t. iv. f. 106; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 12; Leight. 
Lich. Fl. p. 41, ed. 3, p. £1.—Calicium ferrugineum Turn. & Borr. 
Lich. Br. (1839) p. 136; Eng. Bot. t. 2473; Sm. Eng. Fl. v. 
p. 189.—Brit. Exs.: Mudd, n, 249. 
The gonidia separate this from C. trichiale, to which it has been referred 
by recent authors because of the appearance of the thallus. Nylander (i 
litt. 1875) regards it as a variety of C. melanophewm, from which it is dis- 
tinguished by the large subsessile apothecia. The thallus is frequently 
more or less sprinkled with irregular rusty spots. It is often sterile ; 
when fertile the apothecia are numerous, and sometimes 2-3 or more be- 
come confluent. 
Hab. On old pales, rarely on decorticated oaks, in shady lowland and 
upland tracts.—Distr. Pretty general, and common where it occurs, 
throughout England, chiefly in the 8.—B.M.: Framlingham and 
Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk; Walthamstow, Essex; near Mill Hill, 
Middlesex ; Elstree, Herts; near Reigate, Surrey ; New Forest, Hants; 
Oakley Park, Cirencester, Gloucestershire ; Ragley Park, Worcestershire ; 
Gopsall Wood, Leicestershire ; Moor Park and Hy Park, near Ludlow, 
Shropshire ; near Ingleby, Yorkshire. 
Subsp. C. brunneolum Nyl. ev Norrl. Medd. Soc. F. et Fl. Fenn. 
(1876) p. 10.—Thallus effuse, very thin, macular, greenish- or grey- 
ish-white, often evanescent (K +red). Apothecia small, numerous ; 
stipes elongate, very slender, dark-brown or blackish; capitulum 
small, globoso-lenticular, brown; sporal mass reddish-brown or fer- 
ruginous ; spores 0,0025-42 mm. in diameter.—Cromb. Grevillea, 
xv. p. 14.—Calicium trichiale 3. brunneolum Mudd, Man. p. 260 ; 
Cromb. Lich. Brit. p.12; Leight. Licb. Fl. p. 42, ed. 3, p. 41. 
Calicium brunneolum Ach. Vet. Ak. Handl. 1816, p. 279, t. 8. f. 12. 
—Brit. Exs.: Leight. n. 252; Mudd, n. 250. 
As this agrees in the form of the gonidia, the thalline reaction, and in 
general appearance with C. melanopheum, Nylander regards it as being 
only a subspecies. It is distinguished by the smaller and more numerous 
apothecia, the elongate slender stipes, the colour of the capitulum and 
sporal mass, 
Hab. On old decorticated trees and stumps in shady upland districts.— 
Distr, Very local and scarce in S. and N. England 5. M.: Leith Hill, 
Surrey ; New Forest, Hants; Crowle, near Worcester ; Ingleby Park and 
Brantsdale, Cleveland, Yorkshire ; Hexham, Northumberland. 
7. C. elassosporum Nyl. Flora, 1875, p. 441.—Thallus effuse, 
thinnish, glaucous or glaucous-greenish, becoming somewhat obso- 
lete. Apothecia small, numerous ; stipes elongate, slender, blackish; 
capitulum small, globoso-lenticular; sporal mass umbrine; spores 
0,0025 mm. in diameter, or even smaller.—Cromb. Grevillea, iv. 
p. 180; Leight. Lich. Fl. ed. 3, p.41.—Brit. Hvs.: Cromb. n. 111. 
Similar to more robust states of the preceding subspecies, but differs in 
the smaller spores and gonidia. The gonidia are conglomerate in difform 
syngonidia. The thallus, which spreads extensively, becomes more or 
