CALICIUM. | CALICIEI. 91 
less evanescent and visible only around the apothecia, which are either 
scattered, or more frequently approximate, with the stipes occasionally 
once-branched. 
Hab. On decorticated trunks of alders in mountainous districts.— 
Distr. Very local and scarce, among the 8. Grampians, Scotland.— 
B. M.: Glen Lochay, Perthshire. 
b. Spores ellipsoid, 1-septate, rarely simple, black ; 
sporal mass blackish. 
8. C. hyperellum Ach. Meth. (1803) p. 93.—Thallus granulose 
or leprose, greenish-yellow. Apothecia moderate, usually nume- 
rous; stipes elongate, firm, black; capitulum globoso-lentiform, 
black, beneath usually somewhat reddish ; spores sometimes nar- 
rowed at either apex, 1-septate, 0,009-16 mm. long, 0,004-6 mm. 
thick.—Turn. & Borr. Lich. Br. p. 140; Sm. Eng. Fl. v. p. 189; 
Tayl. in Mack. Fl. Hib. ii. p. 77; Mudd, Man. p. 258, t. iv. f. 105; 
Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 16; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 42, ed. 3, p. 42.— 
Phacotium hyperellum Gray, Nat. Arr. i. p. 483. Lichen hyperellus 
Ach. Prodr. (1798) p. 85; Eng. Bot. t. 1832. Coralloides fungi- 
forme arboreum nigrum via crustosuin Dill. Muse. 78, t. 14. f. 33. 
—Brit. Exs.: Leight. n. 23; Bohl. n. 61; Mudd, n. 245. 
In favourable situations this spreads extensively, though more fre- 
quently it occurs in small, interrupted yatches. Nearly agrees with 
C. chrysocephalum in the colour of the thallus, though the colour of the 
apothecia and the spores are very diverse. Often infertile; when preseut 
the apothecia are generally very numerous. 
Hab. On the trunks of old trees, chiefly oaks, in upland wooded dis- 
tricts—Distr. Pretty general and common in England, rare in Wales; 
very rare in 8. and Central Scotland and in N. and W. Jreland—B. M.: 
Ickworth and Bury, Suffolk; Epping Forest, Essex ; Penshurst Park, 
Kent; Hurstpierpoint, Sussex; New Forest, Hampshire; Chedworth 
‘Woods and Sapperton, Gloucestershire ; Hendy ‘Worcestershire ; Gop- 
sall Park, Leicestershire; Derbyshire; near Ludlow and Almond Park, 
near Shrewsbury, Shrepshire; Builth, Brecknockshire; Welshpool, 
Montgomeryshire; Ingleby and Brantsdale, Yorkshire; Leven’s Park, 
Westmoreland ; Catterlen, Cumberland. New Galloway, Kirkcudbright- 
shire; Falls of Clyde, Lanarkshire; Aberfeldy, Perthshire. Killarney, 
co. Kerry. 
Form 1. viride Nyl. Syn. i. (1860) p. 153.—Thallus thin, leprose or 
granulato-pulverulent, greenish-yellow, the stipes occasionally very 
short; capitulum often greenish- or greyish-pulverulent, black 
beneath.—Cromb. Grevillea, xv. p. 14.— Calicium viride Pers. Ust. 
Ann. vil. (1794) p. 20. 
This form is distinguished by the more pulverulent thallus and the 
colour of the capitulum above, though this latter character is not always 
present. The stipes is occasionally very short, so that the apothecia are 
almost sphinctriniform (=form sess/e Cromb.)—a condition which is 
referred to by Turner and Borrer in Lich, Br. p. 142. 
Hab. On trunks of old trees and on pales in wooded upland situations. 
