94 LICHENACEI. ([caticlom, 
differs chiefly in having the capitulum slightly pruinose only at the mar- 
gin, and the spore-mass very much protruded, giving the apothecia “a 
miniature resemblance to a painter's brush” (Turn. & Borr. . ¢.). The 
apothecia are very numerous and crowded, varying considerably in size 
even in the same specimen. The spermogones are frequent, somewhat 
prominent, black, and often congregate. 
Hab. On old pales and the decayed trunks of trees, chiefly oaks, in 
wooded upland districts.—Distr. General, and plentiful where it occurs, 
in most parts of Great Britain, but local and scarce in the Channel 
Tslands and Ireland.—B. M.: Island of Guernsey. Bury, Suffolk; Wal- 
thamstow and Epping Forest, Essex: Balcombe and Shiere, Surrey ; 
near Hythe, Kent; Bolney, Sussex; Lyndhurst, New Forest, Hants; 
Braydon Forest, Wilts ; Tetsworth, Oxfordshire ; Gopsall Park and Brad- 
gate Park, Leicestershire; Hay Park, Herefordshire ; Hatfield, near 
‘Worcester ; Oswestry and Stiperstones, Shropshire ; Aberdovey, Merio- 
nethshire; near Ayton, Cleveland, Yorkshire; Teesdale, Durham. 
Barcaldine and Glen Falloch, Argyleshire; Killin, Craig Calliach, and 
Blair Athole, Perthshire ; Countesswell’s Wood, near Aberdeen. Caastle- 
martyr, co, Cork. 
12. C. trachelinum Ach. Vet. Ak. Handl. 1816, p. 272, t. 8. f. 7. 
—Thallus very thin, granulose, greyish-white, or often obsolete. 
Apothecia moderate, or somewhat large, scattered or crowded; stipes 
short and stout, or elongate and slender, black ; capitulum turbinato- 
globose, reddish beneath ; spores slightly constricted in the middle, 
l1-septate, 0,008-13 mm. long, 0,004-7 mm. thick—Mudd, Man. 
p. 258; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 12; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 43, ed. 3, 
p. 42.—Calicium claviculare y. trachelinum Ach. Meth. (1803) p. 91. 
Calicium spherocephalum Turn. & Borr. Lich. Br. p. 152; Hook. 
Fl. Scot. ii. p. 41; Sm. Engl. Fl. v. p. 141; Tayl. in Mack. Fl. 
Hib. ii. p. 77. Phacotium spherocephalum Gray, Nat. Arr. i. p. 483. 
Lichen spherocephalus Eng. Bot. t. 414. Coralloides fungiforme 
arboreum nigrum vie crustosum Dill. Muse. 73, t. 14. f. 38 a—Brit. 
Evs.: Leight. n. 270; Mudd, n. 246; Cromb. n. 112 pro parte. 
Readily recognized by the colour of the underside of the capitulum. 
Occasionally, as in other species, it is more or less suffused with a 
yellowish epraria, which remains when the proper thallus has disappeared. 
The apothecia are usually very numerous, and the stipes when elongate 
is sometimes flexuose. The spermogones are generally present and 
abundant. 
Hab. On the trunks of old trees, occasionally on pales, in maritime 
and upland districts.— Dist, Not very general nor common, throughout 
England, rare in N. Wales, S. and Central Scotland, and in 8. W. Ireland. 
—B. M.: Marsham, Norfolk; Lea Bridge Road, Essex ; Henfield, Sussex ; 
New Forest, Hants; Chedworth Woods, Gloucestershire; near Wor- 
cester ; Pophills, Warwickshire ; Pen-y-law, near Oswestry, Salop; Bar- 
mouth, Merionethshire; Kildale, Cleveland, Yorkshire; Eglestone, 
Durham; Leven’s Park, Westmoreland. Ben Lawers and Den of Dup- 
plin, Perthshire; Mar Lodge, Braemar, Aberdeenshire. Castle Bernard 
Park, co. Bandon. 
Form hemipheum Nyl. ex Cromb. Grovillea, xv. p. 14.—Apo- 
thecia with the stipes reddish above, or sometimes entirely reddish. 
—Var. hemiplodum (errore) Nyl., Leight. Lich. Fl. ed. 3, p. 43. 
