102 LICHENACEI. (TRACHYLIA. 
the apothecia in this ear In damp shady places it is greener but 
barren, so that it may be taken for a brightly coloured state of some sub- 
concolorous lichen. ‘Scattered amongst the ordinary granules are larger 
and more prominent ones bearing the apothecia, which in our speci- 
mens are few and small. The spermogones are frequent, punctiform, 
minute, blackish, the sterigmata very short, the spermatia 0,005-7 mm. 
long, 0,0025-35 mm. thick. 
Hab. Qn old pales, generally about gardens, very rarely on trees, in 
lowland and upland districts—Distr. Very local, at least in a well- 
developed state, having been gathered only sparingly in the Eastern 
counties of England, and now extinct in several of the recorded localities. 
B. M.: Near Yarmouth, Suffolk; Walthamstow, Loughton, and Col- 
chester, Essex ; Herringfleet, Suffolk. 
2. T, tympanella Fr. Sum. Veg. (1846) p. 282.—Thallus effuse, 
granulose or granuloso-concrescent, moderate or thinnish, grey or 
greyish-white (K+). Apothecia moderate or large, elevato-sessile, 
plane, black, slightly grey-pruinose or naked, the margin promi- 
nent, black, often’ white-pruinose, at length evanescent; spores 
l1-septate, 0,010-18 mm. long, 0,007-12 mm. thick.—Cromb. Lich. 
Brit. p. 14; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 48, ed. 3, p. 47—Acolium tym- 
panellum Gray, Nat. Arr. i. p. 482; Mudd, Man. p. 254, t. iv. 
f£.101. Calicium tympanellum Ach. Meth. (1803) p. 89; Turn. & 
Borr. Lich. Br. p. 1384; Sm. Eng. Fl. v. p. 189. Lichen inquinans 
Eng. Bot. t. 810.—Brit. Evs.: Leight. n. 88; Mudd, n. 240; 
Cromb. n. 114. 
With its sessile apothecia this might readily be taken for some Lecidea 
(such as LZ. premnea). The thallus, which is thickish with the granules 
contluent, or very thin (nearly evanescent), spreads extensively over the 
substratum, but occasionally, when surrounded by other lichens, it is 
small. The apothecia are very numerous, at first somewhat protuberant, 
but at length plane, large—the largest in the tribe. When touched the 
mazedium, which is sometimes considerably protruded, stains the fingers 
with an inky colour. 
Hab. On old posts and pales, rarely on the bark of trees in upland 
districts—Distr. General, and usually plentiful, in various parts of 
England, and rare in E. Ireland.—B. M.: Earsham, Norfolk; Yarmouth 
and Ickworth, Suffolk ; Walthamstow and Colchester, Essex ; Totteridge, 
MiddJesex ; Elstree, Herts; Penshurst and Lydd, Kent; Albourne, 
Sussex; New Forest, Hants; near Wootton Basset, Gloucestershire ; 
near Malvern, Worcestershire ; Gopsall Park, Leicestershire; Harboro’ 
Magna, Warwickshire; Derbyshire ; Oswestry, Haughmond Hill, and 
near Shrewsbury, Shropshire; Rosedale, Yorkshire. Curraghmore, co. 
Waterford. 
3. T. stigonella Fr. Sum. Veg. (1846) p. 282.—Thallus none 
proper. Apothecia parasitic, small or moderate, scarcely prominent, 
plane, black, naked, the margin prominent, concolorous, or some- 
times pruinose, at length evanescent; spores 1-septate, obtusely 
rounded at either apex, 0,009-17 mm. long, 0,007-10 mm. thick. 
—Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 15; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 49, ed. 3, p. 47.— 
