114 LICHENACEI. [PILOPHORUS. 
authors among the Stereocaulei or the Cladoniet. On account of the 
peculiar texture of the apothecia Nylander has established for it a sepa- 
rate tribe, distinguished by the character of the paraphyses. 
28. PILOPHORUS 
Fr. fil. Comm. Ster. 
(1857) p. 40; Tuck. 
Syn. Lich. New Eng. 
(1848) p. 46 (ut sec- 
tio Stereocauli). Pilo- 
phoron Nyl. Syn. 1. 
p. 228.—Thallus at 
the base (when pre- 
sent) granulose or 
somewhat pulveru- 
lent, bearing cephalo- 
dia; podetia rigid, cy- 
lindrical, simple or 
sparingly branched, 
usually fistulose, in- 
ternally filamentoso- 
arachnoid, externally 
covered with a granu- 
lose cortex; gonidia 
moderate, greenish- 
yellow. Apothecia 
capituliform or often 
subglobose, solid with- 
in, corneous ; para- 
physes thickish oF Pilophorus cercolus Nyl.—a. Vertical section of an 
moderate, blackish at apothecium, X30. “b. Vertical section of a spermo- 
the apices, forming a — gone, X30. ¢. Sterigmata and spermatia, x 500, 
thick subhymenial Pilophorus strumaticus Nyl.—d. Vertical section 
layer ; spores te oe nie apothecium, x 30. as Theca and para- 
Siaeate eds. seh physes, xX 350. ff Spores, x 500. 
have the wall thickened at the apices, ellipsoid or oblongo-ellip- 
soid; hymenial gelatine scarcely (except at the apices of the thece) 
tinged bluish with iodine. Spermogones affixed to the apices of the 
podetia, black; spermatia bacillar, straight or slightly curved. 
Fig. 82. 
This genus is well characterized by the paraphyses being prolonged into 
the hypothecium, and forming a subhymenial stratum nearly thrice as thick 
as the hymenium. The rest of the hypothecium is formed of confused 
obliterated cells, The cephalodia, which are adnate and in the form of 
testaceous tubercules, are internally densely and minutely cellular, with 
* the gonimia bluish-green, shortly ellipsoid or subglobose, glomerulosely 
arranged or moniliformly joined” (Nyl. Z. ¢.). : 
1. P. cereolus Nyl. ev Stiz. St. Gall. Nat. Ges. (1875) p. 198: 
Fr. fil. Lich. Seand. (1871) p. 55 pro parte.—Thallus effuse at the 
base, forming a verrucoso-granulose or pulverescent crust, greyish- 
