CLADONIA. | CLADONIET. 129 
6. Microphylline.—Thallus typically small, variously squamulose. 
a’. Scyphophore.—Podetia normally scyphiferous. 
4. C. pyxidata Fr. Lich. Eur. (1831) p. 216.—Thallus foliaceo- 
squamulose at the base; squamules small, firm, glaucous-green or 
greyish, whitish beneath ; podetia short or somewhat elongate, con- 
tinuously corticate or verrucose, scyphiferous; scyphi large, cyathi- 
form, often proliferous (K—, CaCl—). Apothecia moderate, brown 
or reddish-brown, sometimes symphicarpous ; spores oblong, variable 
in size, 0,008-14 mm. long, 0,003-0,0045 mm. thick.—Mudd, Man. 
p. 53 pro parte; Brit. Clad. p. 7 pro parte; Cromb. Enum. p. 18 
pro parte; Grevillea, xi. p. 111; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 60, ed. 3, 
p. 56.—Scyphophorus pyaidatus Sm. Eng. Fl. v. p. 238; Gray, 
Nat. Arr. i. p. 456. Cenomyce pyaidata Hook. FI. Scot. ii. p. 62. 
Lichen pywidatus Linn. Sp. Pl. (1753) p. 1151; Huds. Fl. Angl. 
p. 456; Lightf. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 869 pro parte; With. Arr. ed. 3, iv. 
p. 86; Eng. Bot. t. 1393. Cladonia coccifera Tayl. in Mack. Fl. 
Hib. ii. p. 81 pro parte. Coralloides scyphiforme, tuberculis fuscis 
Dill. Muse. 79, t. 14. f. 6c,1-. Lichenoides tubulosum pyaidatum 
cinereum Dill. in Ray, Syn. ed. 3, 68. 28 pro parte.— Brit. Exs.: 
Mudd, Clad. n. 6; Bohl. n. 32. 
This is with us, as elsewhere, a very variable species, giving rise to 
many marked forms and varieties, besides others enumerated by authors 
which are simply states and do not deserve distinctive names. Among 
these latter are :—simplex Roth., with “the scyphi larger and spermo- 
goniiferous at the margin ;” staphylea Ach., with “ the apothecia pedi- 
cellate on the margin of the scyphi;” syntheta Ach., with “the margin 
of the scyphi proliferous ;” costata Florke, with “the podetia denudate 
and longitudinally furrowed.” Where the plant spreads extensively, one 
or other of these may be met with on the same specimen. In the type 
the basal squamules occasionally become nearly obsolete, and the apo- 
thecia are comparatively rare. 
Hab. On the ground, old walls, rocks, and about the roots of trees in 
maritime, lowland, and upland districts—Distr. General and common 
throughout Great Britain, and no doubt also in Ireland, though specimens 
have not been seen; rare in the Channel Islands——B. M.: Island of 
Guernsey. LEpping Forest, Essex; Hampstead Heath, Middlesex; New 
Forest, Hants; Dartmoor, Devonshire ; St. Breward and near Bodmin, 
Cornwall; Charnwood Forest, Leicestershire; Buxton, Derbyshire ; 
Aberdovey and Dolgelly, Merionethshire ; Ayton, Cleveland, Yorkshire ; 
Alston and Bassenthwaite Lake, Cumberland. Appin, Argyleshire ; 
Killin and Blair Athole, Perthshire; Den of Mains, Forfarshire ; 
Durris, Kincardineshire ; Countesswells and Castleton of Braemar, A ber- 
deenshire ; south of Fort William, Inverness-shire ; Lairg, Sutherlandshire, 
Form 1. lophyra Coem. Clad. Belg. (1863) n. 29.—Podetia short, 
turbinate; scyphi crisp, squamuloso-foliaceous at the margins, 
Apothecia large, sessile or pedicellate among the squamules.— 
Mudd, Brit. Clad. p. 8; Cromb. Grevillea, xi. p. 111.— Cenomyce 
pyxidata 8. lophyra Ach. Lich. Univ. (1810) p. 535. 
The squamulose margins of the scyphi and the position of the apothecia 
K 
