136 LICHENACEI. [cuaDonrA. 
proliferous) scyphi. As these characters seem to be constant, it may be 
regarded as constituting a distinct variety rather than a less developed 
form. The apothecia, which are “marginal and minute” (Ach.), do not 
occur in our British specimens. 
Hab. On the ground and tops of walls in upland districts.—Distr, 
Probably not unfrequent, though seen only from a few localities in S. and 
N. England, N. Wales, S. and N.E. Scotland, and the 8. Grampians.— 
B. M.: Lanivet, Cornwall; Aberdovey, Merioneth; Easby, Cleveland, 
Yorkshire. New Galloway, Kirkcudbrightshire; Killin, Perthshire; 
Countesswells, near Aberdeen. 
Form exigua Cromb. Grevillea, xi. (1883) p. 112.—Podetia very 
short, whitish- or greyish-pulverulent ; scyphi narrow, simple, brown 
within, the margin entire.—Lichen pywidatus n. exiquus Huds. FI. 
Angl. ed. 2 (1778), p. 552. Scyphophora conista 8. eailis (Ach.), 
Gray, Nat. Arr. i. p. 421. Lichen filiformis var. 2, With. Arr. 
ed. 3, iv. p. 39. Coralloides scyphis humilibus, intus fuscis Dill. 
Muse. 86, t. 14. f. 11. 
Probably only an accidental state, differing in the entire margin of the 
scyphi and their bright-brown colour in the interior, though, as indicated 
by Acharius (Lich. Univ. p. 535, cfr. Meth. p. 388), this may become 
blackish in age. In the British specimens seen, which are sterile, the 
podetia are numerous and crowded. 
Hab. On the ground upon upland heaths.—Dzstr. Apparently very 
local and scarce in E. England.—B. M.: Epping Forest, Essex. 
Var. y. tubeformis Fr. Lich. Eur. (1831) p. 22.— Podetia some- 
what elongate, cylindrical, pulverulent, white, scyphiferous ; scyphi 
narrow, regular, entire or slightly crenulate at the margins.—Cromb. 
Lich. Brit. p. 19.—Cladonia pywidata var. fimbriata f. tubeformis 
Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 62, ed. 3, p. 58. Cladonia pywidata EK. tube- 
formis Mudd, Man. p. 54, Brit. Clad. p. 10. Cladonia pywidata 
var. tubeformis Hoffm. Deutsch. Fl. ii. (1791) p. 122.— Brit. Exs.: 
Leight. n. 377; Mudd, n. 7. 
The cylindrical and usually more elongate podetia, with their narrower 
scyphi, distinguish this variety, which is most frequently seen only in a 
juvenile condition. In this country, as elsewhere, the apothecia are 
apparently very rare, though the spermogones are oagasionally visible. 
Hab. On the ground and rotten stumps in wooded upland tracts.— 
Distr. Not very general nor frequent, occurring only here and there in 
England, N. Wales, and Scotland; not seen from Ireland.— Distr. Wal- 
thamstow, Essex; New Forest, Hants; near Bovey Tracey, S. Devon; 
St. Breward, Cornwall; Charlton Camp, Oxfordshire; Shrewsbury, 
Shropshire ; near Worcester ; Barmouth, Merionethshire; Ayton, Cleve- 
land, Yorkshire. Barcaldine, Argyleshire; Craigforth, Stirling; Glen 
Lochay and Rannoch, Perthshire ; Countesswells, near Aberdeen. 
Form macra Cromb. Grevillea, xi.(1883) p. 112.—Podetia short, 
cylindrical, slender, whitish-pulverulent ; scyphi narrow, the margin 
entire.—Cladonia pyxidata B. fimbriata F. macra Mudd, Man. 
